Objective Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory pulmonary diseases. HTLV-I bZIP factor (HBZ), which is expressed in all adult T-cell leukemia cells, plays a critical role in the development of lymphoma and systemic inflammation. HTLV-I is harbored by CD4 + T cells that express forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), and HBZ interacts with Foxp3. This study investigated the chest computed tomography (CT) findings and expression of HBZ and Foxp3 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from patients with HTLV-I-associated lung disorders. Methods CT scans obtained from 37 patients (10 men and 27 women, aged 37-77 years) with HTLV-Iassociated lung disorders were retrospectively evaluated. The expression levels of HBZ and Foxp3 mRNA in BAL cells and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the BAL fluid (BALF) from patients were compared with those in control subjects.

Introduction: Bronchogenic cysts may rupture or become infected, and malignant degeneration may occur. Although various types of malignant degeneration have been described, only a few reports of mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from a bronchogenic cyst have been published. We report such a case.Case: A 77-year-old female was referred to our institution for evaluation of left chest pain. A computed tomography scan showed an enhancing 65 × 70 mm mass of the left diaphragm. Based on the intraoperative findings of an intradiaphragmatic tumor involving the lower lobe of the left lung, the resection of the tumor with the wedge resection of left lower lobe and partial resection of the left diaphragm was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed a mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from a bronchogenic cyst of the diaphragm with the presence of fibrous adhesion to the lower lobe.Conclusion: We believe that complete resection of any bronchogenic cyst is justified.

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