No abstract

These findings suggest that benzophenone-2 may cause hypospadias via signaling through the estrogen receptor. Further study of human benzophenone-2 exposure and its effects is needed to support this hypothesis.

a b s t r a c tStudy Objective: Female adolescents often present to health care providers with concerns about the appearance of their external genitalia. These patients might experience significant distress about their genital appearance and might request surgery to correct a perceived abnormality. Accurate descriptions of normal adolescent female genital anatomy are lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to examine a small sample of normal female adolescents to obtain measurements and descriptors of the external genital structures, with a focus on the size and morphology of the labia minora. Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures: Participants were female adolescent patients, ages 10-19 years, who underwent routine surgical procedures in the operating room. Results: Forty-four patients were examined. The mean age was 14.4 years (range 10-19 years). Mean height was 159.6 cm and mean weight was 60.8 kg. Most were non-Hispanic ethnicity (n 5 32/44; 72%) and were Caucasian race (n 5 38/44; 86%). Right and left labia minora lengths were different in n 5 19/44 patients (43%). Right and left labia minora widths also differed, in stretched (n 5 20/33; 61%) and unstretched (n 5 24/44; 55%) labia, with a difference ranging from 1 to 22 mm. There was no correlation between size and shape of labia minora and patient age, height, weight, or race. Conclusion: Wide variability exists in female adolescent genital anatomy with no established normal range. This study provides a resource for physicians who care for adolescent girls, who need normative data to describe female genital anatomy. We propose that the role of labiaplasty in adolescents should be considered with extreme caution because of the wide range in size and morphology and paucity of data in this population.