Objective: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disease with autonomic production of parathormone from one or more of the parathyroid glands. PTx is recommended for patients who meet the criteria for surgical treatment in the guidelines. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and biomarker characteristics of patients with PHPT who underwent PTx in the light of policies. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted with 152 patients that were followed in our clinic between 2015 and 2022. The patients' data were obtained retrospectively from patient files and electronic records. Demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, and surgical and pathology reports were collected. In PHPT, PTx was performed in line with surgical indications according to the surgical guideline. Results: Most of the patients were diagnosed in the asymptomatic stage. Scintigraphy localized 76.3% of parathyroid adenomas, which were consistent with USI. Histopathologically, parathyroid adenoma was 94.0%, and parathyroid hyperplasia was 5.9% (n=9). Transient hypocalcemia was the most common postoperative problem. More rarely, there were Hungry Bone Syndrome, transient hoarseness, and permanent vocal cord paralysis. Conclusion: Serum calcium and neck imaging have recently been performed with increasing frequency. This approach enables PHPT patients to be detected at an asymptomatic stage. The compatibility of scintigraphy and USI in predicting parathyroid adenoma localization is very successful for correct topographic localization.

IntroductionHepatectomy and transplantation cause liver damage through ischemic reperfusion and oxidative stress. There is no treatment available to improve liver regeneration and reduce ischemic-reperfusion injury. The present study aimed to investigate whether a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, Cilostazol, improves ischemic reperfusion injury and liver regeneration following extended hepatectomy.Material and MethodWistar albino rats (n=40) were randomized and divided into four equal groups. All rats underwent 60% hepatectomy, and Cilostazol (5 mg/kg per day) was administered to the experimental group. The subjects were sacrificed on the 4th and 7th days following the resection. Blood samples were taken to evaluate liver enzymes (ALT, AST), and liver tissue samples were taken to analyze morphology. Biochemical, morphological, and histopathological parameters were compared between Groups.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were detected in ALT, AST values ​​, and relative liver weights in rats treated with Cilostazol compared to the control Group without Cilostazol. Although not statistically significant, a significant increase was detected in relative liver weight and a decrease in AST value in rats treated with Cilostazol. SOD activity was significantly higher, and GSH levels, MPO, and AOPPs were significantly lower in Cilostazol applied Groups. It is seen in these findings that selective inhibition of PDE3 by Cilostazol improves hepatic circulation. It was also found that ischemic reperfusion injury decreased, and regeneration markers such as mitosis index, even nucleus, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ratio increased in rats treated with Cilostazol.ConclusionThe present study found that selective PDE3 inhibitor Cilostazol positively affected the histopathological parameters following extended liver resection and significantly increased hepatocellular proliferation.

Objective: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher in patients with diabetes, and its diagnosis could cause better diabetes management. The purpose of the present study is to examine the impact of pathophysiological changes in patients with Type-2 diabetes on the frequency of thyroid dysfunction, thyroid autoimmunity, thyroid nodule, and thyroid cancer in Turkey. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 3.276 patients with Type-2 diabetes who underwent thyroid tests and thyroid ultrasonography (US). The demographic characteristics, biochemical and hormonal values, thyroid US reports, and histopathology reports were collected from the patient's electronic records. Results: Thyroid autoimmunity positive TPOab 15.9% (n = 524) and/or positive TGab 9.9% (n = 327), the rate of positivity of both antibodies (TPOab + TGab) in the same patient, and total thyroid autoimmunity was found to be 32.57% (n=1067) in Type-2 diabetic patients. Thyroid dysfunction was detected in 18.3% (n = 602) of these patients. The distribution of thyroid dysfunction was 9.09% (n = 298) subclinical hypothyroidism, 4.1% (n = 135) clinical hypothyroidism, 3.1% (n = 102) subclinical hyperthyroidism, 2.0% (n = 67) clinical hyperthyroidism. Also, 67.9% (n = 2225) thyroid nodules, and 5% (n = 164) thyroid cancer were detected. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction was found to have increased in patients with Type-2 diabetes at significant levels.

IntroductionPreoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas and staining of parathyroid adenomas guided by different methods improve surgical outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of US-guided methylene blue staining to the surgical performance of parathyroid adenomas.Material and MethodThe study was conducted in the endocrinology and general surgery clinic on 152 parathyroid adenoma patients who underwent methylene blue staining with preoperative US guidance. This application is a new method and is very different from other applications since methylene blue is administered parenterally. In the procedure, a very low-dose methylene blue is administered to the inside or wall of the parathyroid adenoma with a fine needle. The data of the patients were obtained retrospectively from patient files and electronic records.ResultsIn the present study, a total of 152 patients who had suspicious parathyroid adenomas with difficult localization and a history of previous surgical failure were stained with methylene blue in the preoperative period. This practice was associated with minimally invasive surgery and very short operative time. The methylene blue staining method was also found to be effective in the diagnosis, localization, and treatment of parathyroid adenomas with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.ConclusionAs a result of the present study, it was concluded that methylene blue staining provides a guide for the excision of parathyroid adenomas, potentially improving surgical outcomes in the resection of unsuccessful attempts and ectopic parathyroid adenomas difficult to identify.