Wind energy has been seen as one of the most suitable sources of renewable energy. Wind energy is low cost when compared the other sources. Therefore, wind energy can gain an edge over the fossil-fired power plants. Aerodynamic efficiency of the airfoil is very crucial for aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine. The primary purpose of our study was to analyze the NACA0012 and NACA4412 airfoil at various attack angles with constant Reynolds number and to examine the effects of the symmetrical and asymmetrical profiles of the airfoil. Analysis of aerodynamic performance of NACA0012 and NACA4412 airfoil were performed with using ANSYS Fluent program. Also, lift coefficients and drag coefficients were calculated at various attack angles. According to calculations, optimum attack angles were found for each profile. Finally, NACA0012 and NACA4412 airfoils were discussed and reported in terms of their airfoil performances.

The aim of this research is to investigate the musculoskeletal system injuries in athletes doing bodybuilding and fitness sports.The population of the study consists of 143 female (34.5%) and 272 (65.5%) male participants aged between 16-60 (26.16 ± 8.83) doing body building and fitness training in the gymnasiums located in İzmir, Denizli, Aydın, Manisa and Muğla. The "Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal System Questionnaire (ENMSQ)" was used to question musculoskeletal disorders. ENMSQ asks yes / no whether there is pain, pain or discomfort in the nine body regions up to now, within the last 12 months, within the last four weeks, and on the day the assessment is made. The Nordic Musculoskeletal The data obtained from ENMSQ was calculated at a significance level of 0.05 in the 95% confidence interval by the SPSS 22.0 package program.In the study, it was found that there was no significant difference between individuals in terms of getting injured according to variables such as gender, sports training, warming exercises before training (p>0.05); There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between individuals in the knee region according to age variable; on shoulder and knee regions according to BMI values, elbow, hand-wrist and forearm and foot-to-foot area according to frequency of weekly training.In the study, it was concluded that increase in the likelihood of getting injured in the knee and shoulder regions due to increase in age and BMI values for the athletes doing body building and fitness sports. Therefore, doing regular physical activity, adequate and     balanced diet should be regulated the body weight according to height in order to avoid injuries in knee and shoulder areas. In addition, the study found that as the frequency of weekly training decreased in those engaged in body building and fitness, there were increases in elbows, hand-wrists and injuries to the forearms and foot-to-foot areas of them. Therefore, the likelihood of getting injured in the elbow, hand-wrist and forearm and foot-ankle regions can be reduced by increasing the frequency of weekly training and broadening its scope.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı vücut geliştirme ve fitness sporu yapanlarda görülen, kas-iskelet sistemi sakatlıklarının belirlenmesidir.Araştırmanın örneklemini İzmir, Denizli, Aydın, Manisa ve Muğla illerinde bulunan spor salonlarında vücut geliştirme ve fitness antrenmanlarına katılan, yaşları 16-60 (26.16±8.83) arasında değişen, 143’ü kadın (%34.5) ve 272‘si erkek (%65.5) olmak üzere 415 gönüllü kişi oluşturmuştur. Kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarını sorgulamak amacıyla “Genişletilmiş Nordic Kas İskelet Sistemi Anketi (GNKİSA)” kullanıldı. GNKİSA, dokuz vücut bölgesinde şimdiye kadar, son 12 ay içinde, son dört hafta içinde ve değerlendirmenin yapıldığı gün, acı, ağrı veya rahatsızlık olup olmadığını evet/hayır şeklinde sorgular. GNKİSA’dan elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 paket programında %95 güven aralığında 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde değerlendirildi.Yapılan istatistiki analizlerde yaş değişkenine göre diz bölgesinden; BKİ değerlerine göre omuz ve diz bölgelerinden; haftalık antrenman yapma sıklığına göre dirsek, el-el bileği ve ön kol ile ayak-ayak bileği bölgelerinden sakatlık geçiren ve geçirmeyen bireyler arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu görüldü (p<0.05).Araştırmada vücut geliştirme ve fitness sporuyla uğraşanlarda yaş ve BKİ değerlerinin artışına bağlı olarak diz ve omuz bölgelerinde sakatlıklarının görülme oranında artışların olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Bu nedenle diz ve omuz bölgelerinde sakatlıklarla karşılaşmamak için düzenli fiziksel aktiviteye katılım, yeterli ve dengeli beslenme ile boy uzunluğuna uygun vücut ağırlığının denetimi sağlanmalıdır. Buna ek olarak, araştırmada vücut geliştirme ve fitness sporuyla uğraşanlarda haftalık antrenman sıklığı azaldıkça dirsek, el-el bileği ve ön kol ile ayak-ayak bileği bölgelerinde görülen sakatlıklarda artışların olduğu ortaya konuldu. Bundan dolayı haftalık antrenman sıklığının arttırılması suretiyle kapsam genişletilerek dirsek, el-el bileği ve ön kol ile ayak-ayak bileği bölgelerinde sakatlık görülme olasılığı azaltılabilir.

This study was carried out to compare the agility, sprint, anaerobic power and aerobic capacities of the soccer players by their playing positions. 33 male soccer players (defenders (n=8) 20±1.73 years; midfielders (n=10) 20.09±1.97 years forwards (n=7) 20.55±1.91) with a training age of over 5 years playing in different positions in Kastamonu amateur league participated in the study voluntarily. First, Body Mass Index (BMI) values were calculated by measuring the height and weight of each player. Then, Illinois Agility Test, Yoyo Intermittent Recovery Test, 30 m. Sprint Test and Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) were conducted. Statistical analysis was done with the SPSS 22.0 program. No statistically significant differences were observed between defenders, midfielder and forwards in Yoyo Test (m.), MaxVO2 (ml/kg/min.), RAST maximal power, RAST average power and RAST fatigue index (p>0.05). However, a significant difference was found between players in Illinois Test (sec.) and 30 m. Sprint Test (sec.) (p<0.05). Forwards and midfielders were more agile than defenders, and midfielders were faster than defenders. It will therefore contribute to their performance to evaluate physical and physiological needs according to playing positions as the distances players cover vary depending on their playing positions (defense, midfield and forward) along with the movements they perform on the pitch and the frequency of these movements.

The aim of this study is to examine dominant hand usage and detect the injury regions in racket sports. A total of 98 athletes, of which 37 (37.8%) are female, 61 (62.2%) are male, studying at 11 different universities and attending competitions with schools teams with an average age of 21.11±1.66, height of 1.71±0.08 cm, weight of 64.92±10.85 kg, and BMI of 22.00±2.41(kg/m2) have participated in the study. When it comes to the distribution of the athletes by branches, the sample consists of 22 table tennis players, 24 badminton players, 25 tennis players and 27 squash players. The "Edinburgh Inventory Hand Preference Survey" was used as a data collection tool to determine the hand preferences of the athletes. In the determination of sports injuries suffered by athletes, the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire was administered. There are significant differences between the lefty and righty athletes in terms of injuries in the left shoulder, left wrist and right lower leg regions when the injury regions in racket sports are compared by hand preferences (p<0.05). It is seen that the injuries that occur in right forearm, left wrist and the right upper leg regions of the athletes of racket sports differ according to branches (p<0.05). When the injury regions are examined according to hand preferences, it is seen that the injuries in the left shoulder, left wrist and lower right leg regions occur more in lefty athletes in comparison to righty athletes. When the relationship between the injury region regions and sports branches is examined, it can be argued that table tennis players suffer more frequent injuries in the left wrist compared to the players of other branches.

The aim of this study was to investigate the chronical effects of static flexibility exercises on some biomotoric and physiological parameters in the students studying in sports high schools. A total of 130 high school students, 50 of whom were female and 80 of whom were male, who were studying at İncirliova Sports High School between 9th and 12th grades, with a mean age of 15.92±1.14, a mean sports age of 7.05±3.54, a mean body weight of 58.05±9.11 kilograms, and a mean height of 1.69±0.07 centimeters participated in the study. The participants were given training on static flexibility application with pre-tests. In order to determine the chronical effect, the participants were applied a series of tests including handgrip, sit and reach flexibility, 30 seconds push-up, static balance, vertical jump and back-leg strength tests before and after the 10-week application. The data obtained from the pre-test and post-test applications performed so as to determine the motoric characteristics of the students participating in the study was evaluated by SPSS 22.0 Package Program with a significance level of 0.05 in the 95% confidence interval. Whether the data showed normal distribution was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Paired Sample T-test was used to test the significance of the difference between the arithmetic means of the two related groups. The frequency distributions of the students were determined in terms of gender and class levels. The minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation and median values of the students were calculated in terms of age (year), sports age (year), body weight (kg), length (cm), and Body Mass Index (BMI). It was found that there were significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results applied to determine the motoric characteristics of the students (p<0.05). It was revealed that the post-test results of the students in terms of sit and reach flexibility and static balance performances were better than their related pre-test results. However, no significant differences were found between the pre-test and post-test results of the students in terms of back-leg strength, handgrip, push-up and vertical jump performances (p>0.05).It was determined that the 10-week static flexibility training (protocol) given to sports high school students before applied sports classes had positive effects on some biomotoric and physiological parameters.