Mercuric chloride and sodium selenite were separately administered to male rats in the drinking water or in a combination (2.5 mmol Hg/L and 0.1 mmol Se/L). The mercuric chloride group showed histopathological lesions, as evidenced by cell necrosis in the liver and tubular necrosis in the kidney. The sodium selenite group showed some depression in growth, but pathological changes were found neither in the liver nor in the kidney. Simultaneous administration of both compounds produced a protective effect on weight loss and histopathology. These effects were associated with some small structures in the kidney proximal tubules and to some structure in the extracellular space in the liver. Thin, unstained cryosections were freeze-dried and examined in the Studsvik Nuclear Microprobe. The structures observed in the liver and the kidney were shown to contain both selenium and mercury.

No abstract

By the use of the nuclear microprobe technique, the concentrations of zinc in isolated erythrocytes, platelets, and granulocytes were measured in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory arthritides, and scleroderma. Markedly reduced cellular zinc values were found compared to those measured in healthy subjects. No relation was found to inflammatory activity or disease duration. Plasma zinc was reduced in the majority of the patients and was negatively correlated to the inflammatory activity estimated by ESR and serum orosomucoid. No relation was found between total zinc values in plasma or cells or disease duration. Corticosteroid therapy was instituted in a number of the patients with inflammatory arthritides and induced a significant elevation of total zinc in all cell types, although normalization was not achieved. Plasma zinc values remained unchanged during the treatment.

The mass fraction of Ca and Mg in isolated erythrocytes and granulocytes was measured using the nuclear microprobe technique. Conspicuous abnormalities were observed in cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides. Compared with the normal cellular content, total Ca was increased an average of 3 times in erythrocytes and 5 times in granulocytes. Total granulocyte Mg was increased about 3 times, whereas erythrocyte Mg was reduced to as much as 60% of normal. These abnormalities were less prominent or were absent in scleroderma patients, except for levels of granulocyte Ca, which were increased more than 3 times beyond normal in this patient group. A significant positive correlation was found between serum haptoglobin and erythrocyte or granulocyte Ca content among these patients, but not between haptoglobin and erythrocyte or granulocyte Mg values. During corticosteroid treatment, a significant increase in erythrocyte Mg and a significant reduction in erythrocyte Ca were noted, but normalization of these levels was not achieved. Granulocyte Ca was also significantly reduced, while granulocyte Mg remained unaltered. Serum levels of Ca and Mg were within normal

In a supplementation study in which organic selenium asl-selenomethionine was administered in low doses during 1 yr, alterations in the concentrations of metal ions in the erythrocytes and the neutrophil granulocytes were observed. In the erythrocytes, altered concentrations of zinc were parallel with selenium. The concentrations of magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper, and sulfur were not significantly altered. However, altered concentrations of iron and zinc were observed in the neutrophils. The concentrations of magnesium, calcium, manganese, copper, and sulfur were not significantly altered.The accumulation of selenium in individual blood cells was different from that obtained with supplementation of inorganic selenium. When organic selenium was supplemented, the thrombocytes accumulated more selenium than the erythrocytes and the neutrophil granulocytes.The observations indicate that selenium interacts with metal ions at the cellular level when supplemented in low doses. The chemical form of selenium might be important in nutrition and therapy in view of the interaction and distribution pattern at the cellular level.