Considering the sensitivity to environmental safety is rooted in human genes, the external variables that affect the perception of environmental safety and their influence mechanisms have become a point of concern. The existing literature has proven that elements of the built environment are vital influencing factors; however, little is known about the mechanism by which the built environment affects perceived safety and multiple influence pathways have been ignored. To define the concept of perceived safety, this article applies a structural equation model to study the relationship between the built environment and residents’ safety perception with the social environment and physical activity as potential mediators. The statistical results suggest that the variables of the built environment, social factors, and physical activity all significantly influence perceived safety. This finding also reveals that the social environment and group physical activities slightly mediate the relationship, proving that the built environment exerts both direct and indirect effects on perceived safety. This study provides evidence that built environment design is more important than previously thought because it contributes positively to the social atmosphere and encourages the passion for physical activities, which are also beneficial to safety perception.

Do parents' and children's perceptions of the community environment affect children's physical activity levels? 57 th ISOCARP World Planning Congress

Associated with Chinese rapid urbanization, disordered environment has resulted in residents' loss of perceived safety. Although literature have suggested the possible influencing mechanism between built environment and perceived safety, existing research often roughly identify feeling of safety with the concept of fear of crime. Through comprehensive literature review, the particular content of feeling of safety is redefined in Chinese urban residential areas. With a more comprehensive understanding of "what the definition of perceived safety is", this paper extends previous research to explore the influence effect from built environment factors, which involve seven categories and twenty-four detailed elements, upon feeling of safety. Paper-based questionnaires were distributed in the selected communities of Mianyang(China) to collect data, and structural equation model was applied to introduce "latent variables" to effectively quantify the abstract value of feeling of safety. Results revealed that except from service facility factor, variables of roads, buildings, green space, environment quality, negative space and defense system all have significant influence on residents' feeling of safety with varying degrees. Although the notion of perceived safety is expanded, the environment variables which are highly correlated with CPTED theory still having the most significant impact effect.

Human activities are the primary source of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Adopting low-carbon behaviors (LCBs) can effectively reduce carbon emissions, which in turn helps alleviate environmental problems. Previous research shows that low-carbon policies can promote LCBs, while an extensive understanding of the effects of multi-types of low-carbon policies on various LCBs needs to be verified. Analyses on influencing factors regarding LCBs are dominated before, and place attachment and low-carbon behavioral intention as the influencing factors of LCBs, their relationship with low-carbon policy and LCBs needs to be clarified. By taking a questionnaire survey of residents of Hangzhou, China, this study presents a conceptual framework capable of analyzing the relationship between three types of low-carbon policies, including information policy, economic policy, and administrative regulations, and two types of LCBs, including low-carbon consumption (LCCB) and travel (LCTB) behavior, considering the mediation effect of place attachment and low-carbon behavioral intention in a single structural equation model. The results illustrate that administrative regulations and information policy have a direct positive impact on LCCB, and information policy has the most significant influence. Economic policy and administrative regulations directly impact LCTB, and administrative regulations have the most significant influence. The influence of administrative regulations on LCTB is more excellent than on LCCB. Information policy indirectly affects two types of LCBs through the chain mediation effect of place attachment and low-carbon behavioral intention. The results should be helpful to low-carbon policymakers seeking to promote LCBs to consider the importance of place attachment and various low-carbon policies. Moreover, they enrich our understanding of the influencing mechanism of LCBs.