Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a useful tool to evaluate the environmental impact of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) processing. Here, a BUMDES (village owned enterprise) converted MSW to Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) in the area around a cement plant in Cirebon, Indonesia. The RDF that is produced is used as a partial substitutiton fuels for the kiln in the cement industry. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the environmental impacts of RDF production through an attributional LCA study. The results were compared with the current practice of MSW treatment system. The waste management system that will be compared includes RDF and direct combustion. LCA simulation was conducted in the OpenLCA software, which is equipped with ecoinvent database as well as primary data from the field. The company treated about 2, 259.96 kg of waste / day. The results showed that the production rate of RDF is about 966 kg / day. The analysis shows that the conversion of combustible municipal solid waste into RDF is more environmentally friendly than direct combustion with environmental impacts as follows: GWP 8.40E-01 kg CO2 eq., Acidification 4.36E-04 kg SO2 eq., Eutrophication 7.18E-04 kg PO4 eq., ODP 3.59E-09 kg CFC-11 eq., And Human toxicity 2.27E-01 kg 1.4 dichlorobenzene eq. The use of RDF as a substitute fuel for the cement industry is economically advantageous if: there are no restrictions on processed waste, the RDF product sales to the cement industry is ensured, and the RDF product price should be economically viable. The initial investment costs and high operating as well as the maintenance costs could be a challenging issue when dealing with MSW processing to RDF.

Fertilization for agriculture and plantation nutrition still dominated by chemical fertilizers. Organic fertilizers utilization for soils is believed has not had the same quality as existing fertilizer standards. On the other hand, increasing waste problems has become environmental issues that have not been properly resolved. MSW process by using MBT Method is able to change the waste management system and produce RDF Fluff products as alternative fuels and compost fertilizers. Research have showed that the quality of organic fertilizer from the Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) process met the SNI 19-7030-2004 parameters with the total N = 1.38%, P2O5 = 0.66% and K2O = 2.34%. Production cost of making organic fertilizer is lower than NPK and the amount used for ground application is higher than NPK. Market confidence began gradually improving due to consumer increasing demand.

The cement industry generally spends about 30-40% of production costs to provide energy for production. It forces the cement industry to look for cheaper and widely available alternative energy sources to increase its competitiveness. The dominance of fossil fuels poses another problem for the cement industry in the form of high CO2 emissions. To overcome this, PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa (ITP) Tbk, Palimanan Unit, is committed to continuously looking for alternative energy sources by utilizing rice husks in the suspension preheater unit. This study aims to evaluate the performance, especially the reduction of CO2 emissions and the economic benefits of energy substitution applications using rice husks. Based on the calculation in 2020, there will be an increase of 37% in 2021, and the total energy of rice husks will reach around 1,996,671 GJ. It is equivalent to using fossil fuel coal of approximately 106,450 tonnes. The contribution of rice husks to primary energy consumption seems to continue to increase yearly. A significant increase occurred between 2020 - 2021, and the contribution of rice husks reached 23%. Rice husks usage has reduced CO2 emissions by almost 220,000 tons of CO2e and brought production cost benefits to around 40 billion by 2021. Therefore, the substitution of coal fuel using rice husk has proven to be effective in reducing CO2 emissions in the cement production process. By still paying attention to the reliability of the process and the quality of the cement products produced, these efforts can be continuously encouraged to realize cement products that are more environmentally friendly.

PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk (PT ITP) Unit Palimanan has performed efforts to reduce, reuse, recycle, and recovery (4R) of cement bags as an attempt to utilize resources in efficient manners. In this study, the 4R program was evaluated to gain information on the impacts of the program in social, economic and environmental benefit as a part of corporate responsibility to the community and the environment. The study was conducted by analyzing data of cement bags and other non-hazardous wastes from 2016–2020, both generated and utilized in the 4R program. The evaluation results show that the reduction program of replacing 3-ply cement bags with 2-ply cement bags is dominantly able to reduce the tonnage of cement bag waste (up to 3,000 tons/year). The reuse, recycle, and recovery programs for cement bags to produce handicrafts and Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) was able to contribute up to 20% of the total tonnage of the 4R program. The cement bag reduction program (replacement of 3-ply paper with 2-ply) has environmental and economic benefits for the company. Reuse, recycle, and recovery programs for cement bags are able to provide wider benefits not only for the company and the environment but also for the community. The 4R program reduced emissions to an average of 1,404 tons of CO2/year, where the dominant contribution came from the reduction effort of replacing 3-ply paper with 2-ply. Keywords: Cement bag, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recovery ABSTRAK PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk (PT ITP) Unit Palimanan melakukan upaya reduce, reuse, recycle, dan recovery (4R) terhadap kantong semen yang dihasilkan sebagai upaya penggunaan sumber daya secara efisien. Upaya 4R dievaluasi dampak manfaat secara sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab perusahaan kepada masyarakat dan lingkungan. Studi dilakukan dengan menganalisis data kantong semen perusahaan dan limbah non bahan beracun berbahaya (non-B3) lainnya dari tahun 2016–2020, baik yang dihasilkan maupun dimanfaatkan dalam program 4R. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa program reduksi berupa penggantian kantong semen 3-ply menjadi 2-ply secara dominan mampu mengurangi tonase sampah kantong semen yang dihasilkan (hingga 3.000 ton/tahun). Program reuse, recycle, dan recovery kantong semen untuk memproduksi barang kerajinan dan Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) mampu menyumbang pemanfaatan hingga 20% dari total tonase program 4R yang dilakukan. Program reduksi kantong semen (penggantian kantong semen 3-ply menjadi 2-ply) memberikan manfaat bagi lingkungan dan ekonomi bagi perusahaan. Sedangkan, program reuse, recycle, dan recovery kantong semen mampu memberikan manfaat yang lebih luas tidak hanya bagi perusahaan dan lingkungan tetapi juga bagi masyarakat. Program 4R yang dilakukan mampu mereduksi emisi hingga rerata 1.404 ton CO2/tahun di mana program yang berkontribusi secara dominan adalah penggantian kertas 3-ply menjadi 2-ply. Kata kunci: Kantong semen, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recovery