In Indonesia, literature has been one of critical media to respond to the political and social issues. This study reviewed three literary works of the three Indonesian writers from different era: Bumi Manusia (1980) by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Potret Pembangunan dalam Puisi (1980) by W.S. Rendra and Laskar Pelangi (2008) by Andrea Hirata. In this study, the writer analyzed how each literary work conceive the idea of political and educational development and how they contribute positive impacts to the development process of Indonesia society. The findings confirm each literary work has some similarities to the other in regards to contribute the idea of Indonesia development. The three authors agreed that education is an effective aspect to develop Indonesia society. They also have the same opinion that education which has a better quality is not always come from the formal institution. They depict a wider concept of education which is obtained from the fantastic culture and moral values.Keywords: Indonesian literature, the role of literature, development

The aims from this study observe at the influenceof cooperative learning model group investigation (GI) type and learning motivation on students' ability to understand concepts and solve problems in Mathematics in UPT SMP Negeri Airpura both to the students who had high previous knowledge and those who had low previous knowledge.This was a quasi experimental research. Samples are choose using randomized sample. Data are analyzed using t-test, Mann Whitney test and two Ways Anova using MINITAB software. The result of data analysis showed that : (1) the influenceof cooperative learning model group investigation (GI) type and learning motivation can improve students' MGI skills and still need to improve their ability to understand concepts., (4) there was no interaction between learning approaches and previous knowledge toward the eighth grade students.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tradisi lisan sebagai sumber sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kepustakaan yang mengacu pada kumpulan penelitian dengan berfokus pada metode pengumpulan data yang berasal dari perpustakaan dan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan gambaran atau deskripsi terkait fakta, sifat dan hubungan antar fenomena yang terjadi. Penggunaan tradisi lisan dalam sumber sejarah dapat menjadi alternatif dalam sumber lisan. Namun, terdapat kelemahan dan keterbatasan serta kapasitas dalam memverifikasi.  Tradisi lisan tidak hanya berbentuk kelisanan, seperti tuturan yang kemudian diketegorikan dalam bentuk tulisan, tetapi juga bentuk dan pola kelisanan. Tradisi lisan merupakan bagian dari budaya dan berkaitan dengan sejarah local setempat. Salah satu upaya agar tradisi lisan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber sejarah local adalah dengan mewujudkannya dalam bentuk rekaman suara atau tulisan dengan Teknik wawancara. Catatan wawancara serta rekaman suara tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai bagian dari dokuman yang dapat diolah dan di analisis dengan bantuan dokumen pendukung lainnya. Dewasa jni eksistensi tradisi lisan sejarah local memiliki fungsi dan manfaat lain, sehinga mampu menciptakan nilai ekonomis bagi masyarakat sekitar.

This study aims to describe the process of using varied methods in the learning. This research is a school action research by taking 23 research subject. The research was carried out in two cycles of cycles and each cycle consisted of 4 stages: planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The esthabilished performance indicators are that if a minimum of 85% of teachers is classified as capable and good in using varied methods in the learning process, then it can be said that the actions implemented are successful. The aspect measured in assessing the success of the action is the teacher’s understanding of the use of varied methods in the learning process and the results of the implementation of In House Training (IHT) activities. The results of the study show, in the first cycle there was an increase in teacher competence in using varied methods in the learning process properly and correctly namely by 57%, while in the second cycle increased sharply to 91%. Therefore it can concluded that through the implementation of in House Training (IHT)_activities can improve teacher competency in using varied methods in the learning process correctly in SD Negeri 1 Pureulak which is marked by the achievement of performance indicators in cycle II. Thust it can be suggested to other schools that the application of In House Traning (IHT) activities can be applied as an alternative in increasing teacher competence in using varied methods in the learning process.