and The Astrobee TeamAstrobee is a new class of free-flying robots that operate in the interior of the International Space Station (ISS). In addition to providing a research platform for zero-g free-flying robotics (replacing the Synchronized Position Hold Engage and Reorient Experimental Satellites (SPHERES)), Astrobee improves the efficiency of ISS operations by providing flight and payload controllers with a mobile camera/sensor platform. The Astrobee system consists of three robots, a docking station, and a ground data system. Development began in late 2014, and Astrobee will launch to ISS in late 2018. This paper provides an overview of the capabilities of the Astrobee system, the concept of operations for ISS operations support, and the challenges of operating a free-flying robot within the constraints of the ISS environment.

A tiered approach was employed to determine risks posed to aquatic organisms exposed to dibromonitrilopropionamide (DBNPA). Tier one assessments used conservative exposure and toxicity data and indicated that potential toxicity warranted a more rigorous risk assessment. Tier two used discharge and stream flow data to develop a probabilistic model of DBNPA concentrations reaching the stream. Predicted 90th percentile in-stream DBNPA concentrations were compared to all available toxicity data for aquatic organisms at several different trophic levels. The EC10 for one organism was similar to the calculated 90th percentile of DBNPA concentrations in streams. Using the complete EC10 data set and comparing the 10th percentile EC10 with the 90th percentile environmental concentration, DBNPA did not pose a measurable risk to the aquatic ecosystem.

Although the International Space Station (ISS) assembly has been completed, the Operations support teams continue to seek more efficient and effective ways to prepare for and conduct the ISS operations and future exploration missions beyond low earth orbit. This search for improvement has led to a significant collaboration between the NASA research and advanced software development community at NASA Ames Research Center and the Mission Operations community at NASA Johnson Space Center. Since 2001, NASA Ames Research Center has been developing and applying its advanced intelligent systems and human systems integration research to mission operations tools for several of the unmanned Mars missions operations. Since 2006, NASA Ames Research Center has also been developing and applying its advanced intelligent systems and human systems integration research to mission operations tools for manned operations support with the Mission Operations Directorate at NASA Johnson Space Center. This paper discusses the completion of the development and deployment of a variety of intelligent and human systems technologies adopted for manned mission operations. The technologies associated with the projects include advanced software systems for operations and human-centered computing. Human-centered computing looks to the processes and procedures that people do to perform any given job, then attempts to identify opportunities to improve these processes and procedures. In particular, for mission operations, improvements are quantified by specifically identifying how a tool can increase a person's efficiency, enhance a person's functional capability, and/or improve the assurance of a person's decisions. The Ames development team has collaborated with the Mission Operations team to identify areas of efficiencies through technology infusion applications in support of the "Plan, Train, and Fly" activities of human-spaceflight mission operations. The specific applications discussed in this paper are in the areas of mission planning systems, mission operations design modeling and workflow automation, advanced systems monitoring, mission control technologies, search tools, training management tools, spacecraft solar array management, spacecraft power management, and spacecraft attitude planning. We discuss these specific projects between the Ames Research Center and the Johnson Space Center's Mission Operations Directorate, and how these technologies and projects are enhancing the mission operations support for the International Space Station. We also discuss the challenges, problems, and successes associated with long-distance and multi-year development projects between the research team at Ames and the Mission Operations customers at Johnson Space center. Finally, we discuss how these technology infusion applications and underlying technologies might be used in the future to support on-board 2 operations of the crew and spacecraft systems as human exploration expands beyond low earth orbit to destinations in the solar system where communic...

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