Selected characteristics of whey‐fortified banana beverages stored at 4, 20, 30 and 40C were monitored at specific time intervals over a 60‐day storage period. The particle volume mean diameter (D43) remained unchanged for the entire study and the particle surface area mean diameter (D32) changed only in the first week. The products remained light‐colored (L*∼71) for 60 days; redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and saturation (C*) increased with time at elevated storage temperatures. The Hue (H*) was smaller at elevated temperatures. A sensory descriptive analysis panel generated terms to describe and quantify the sensory characteristics of the whey‐banana beverage stored at 4C. The product was a sour, sweet, smooth beverage, with distinctive banana flavor and minimum off‐flavor. A consumer panel indicated that sourness and acidity were critical quality factors. The main differences detected were for sedimentation (greater at 40C) and serum separation (minimum at 4C).
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fermentation in the formulation of infant flour that meets the nutritional needs of children, using plantain and cashew kernel flours. For this purpose, cashew kernel flours (Anacardium occidentale L) fermented for 72 h and unfermented flour were incorporated into the plantain flour (Musa paradisiaca sp) at different proportions (0, 10, 15 and 20%). The biochemical, functional compositions and antinutrient levels of the formulations were determined. The results showed that the fermentation caused a more significant increase in the protein, lipid, energy and total phenolic content of the formulations in proportion to the incorporation rate. On the other hand, carbohydrate, fiber and ash levels were significantly reduced (P <0.05) as a result of the fermentation of cashew kernels compared with the incorporation of unfermented cashew flour. The study of the swelling powers and the solubility indices of the flours showed that the fermentation entails a significant decrease proportional to the level of cashew almond flour incorporated compared to those obtained with the unfermented flour. It was European Scientific Journal October 2017 edition Vol.13, No.30 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 396 also found that fermentation entailed a significant reduction (P <0.05) in the content of oxalic acid and tannins in cashew kernel flour. Sensory tests allowed limiting the maximum level of incorporation of fermented almond flour to 10% and that not fermented to 15%. . Les compositions biochimiques, fonctionnelles et les teneurs en antinutriments des formulations ont été déterminées. Les résultats ont montré que la fermentation provoque une augmentation plus significative de la teneur en protéine, en lipides, en énergie et la teneur phénolique totale des formulations proportionnellement au taux d'incorporation. Les teneurs en glucides, en fibres et en cendres ont par contre significativement (P < 0,05) diminué suite à la fermentation de l'amande de cajou comparativement à l'incorporation de la farine de cajou non fermentée. L'étude des pouvoirs de gonflement et des indices de solubilité des farines ont montré que la fermentation entraine une diminution significative proportionnelle aux taux de farine d'amande de cajou incorporés comparée à ceux obtenues avec la farine non fermentée. On a également constaté que la fermentation entraînait une réduction significative (P <0,05) de la teneur en oxalates et en tanins dans la farine d'amande de cajou. Des tests sensoriels ont permis de limiter le niveau maximal d'incorporation de farine d'amande fermentée à 10% et celle non fermentée à 15%. Keywords
The composition and characteristics of insoluble fruit matter (IFM) and alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) from banana, mango and orange were evaluated. The galacturonic acid content was significantly higher for mango and orange pectin (6.0%) compared to banana (5%). The degrees of esterification of pectin in AIS were 78 Ϯ 5, 85 Ϯ 6 and 85 Ϯ 2 for mango, orange and banana, respectively. Proteins in the fruit pulps were of low molecular weight (<100,000 Da). The relative proportions of the amino acids in the AIS and IFM were similar, with predominant aspartic acid and low methionine and tyrosine contents. Phenolic compounds were highest in banana pulp (138 Ϯ 2 mg gallic acid equivalent/L = mg GA/L) compared to 102 Ϯ 8 mg GA/L for orange. Phenolic compounds were about 10-fold less (15 Ϯ 2 mg GA/L) in mango. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis work has applications to the development of natural clouding agents for juices, juice-added beverages and protein-fortified beverages. The chemical analysis provides fundamental information on the potential for stable protein interactions from banana and mango, tropical fruits that are desirable in beverages. Further, the research enhances the potential for value-added processing of these fruits.3 Corresponding
Nous remercions la société Ivoirienne de Technologie Tropicale (I2T) pour le soutien financier. RESUME L'attiéké, produit de transformation du manioc le plus consommé en Côte d'Ivoire, a une courte durée de conservation. Les effets de la congélation et du séchage ont été évalués sur 20 lots de 6 kg d'échantillons d'attiéké dont 10 lots d'attiéké frais, 5 lots d'attiéké frais congelé et 5 lots d'attiéké frais séché.Un échantillon d'attiéké a été conservé au congélateur pendant 7 jours à -20 °C, tandis qu'un autre échantillon a été séché. Au huitième jour, les deux échantillons conservés ont été reconstitués. Leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques et organoleptiques ont ensuite été déterminées et comparées à celles de l'attiéké frais. Les résultats des travaux ont montré que les deux méthodes de conservation utilisées ont entraîné une baisse des taux d'acide cyanhydrique, de cendres, de matière sèche, d'acidité totale et de pH par rapport à ceux de l'attiéké frais. L'attiéké congelé reconstitué a présenté de légères variations de pH, de cendres et de matière sèche par rapport à l'attiéké frais et fut mieux apprécié par 32% des dégustateurs contre 10% pour l'attiéké séché reconstitué. Ces résultats montrent que la congélation est la méthode de conservation qui préserve mieux les caractéristiques physico-chimiques et organoleptiques de l'attiéké.
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