Leishmania donovani is a human blood parasite that belongs to the genus Leishmania. We would like to present a case of late Leishmania donovani endophthalmitis in one eye of a patient that underwent simultaneous bilateral grade 3 cataract surgery.

Introduction. Keratoconus is the most common primary ectasia and has a signifi cant effect on visual acuity and the quality of life. The prevalence of keratoconus in the general population of Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Croatia remains unknown. This study was designed to show the incidence of keratoconus in candidates for Excimer laser refractive surgical procedures in our eye clinics. Methods. We analyzed preoperative examination data from 2,714 patients, collected over a two year period, who were candidates for Excimer refractive surgical procedures. Patients were sorted into groups according to their gender, age, degree of keratoconus (Amsler-Krumeich classifi cation) and involvement of one or both eyes. Results. Keratoconus was detected in 231 patients (335 eyes); 133 of the patients were male and 99 were female. Unilateral keratoconus was found in 127, and bilateral in 104 patients. Four age groups were designated: 49 were 18-25 years old, 68 patients were 25-35 years old, and 57 were in both age groups, 36-45 and 45-75 years. Keratoconus was diagnosed in 335 eyes with the following distribution: stage I-86, stage II-84, stage III-97, and stage IV-68 eyes. Conclusion. We examined a large number of patients preoperatively and found a higher prevalence of keratoconus than previously reported for the general population. Our particular sample does not accurately refl ect the prevalence of the disorder within the general regional population of Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Croatia. Nonetheless, our fi ndings signal a need for public health outreach and intervention for keratoconus within those regions.

Background/Aim: Intravitreal drug injection cause an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). The increase in IOP is directly proportional to the volume of drug injected into the eye and inversely to the vitreal reflux. The mixture of fluid, presents as a subconjunctival bleb, composed of vitreous and injected drug is called vitreal reflux. In this study changes in IOP after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in relation to the vitreous regurgitation were observed. Methods: This prospective study involved 50 patients (57 injections). Bevacizumab was administered intravitreally at a dose of 1.25 mg/0.05 mL. According to the type of disease, patients with diabetic macular oedema, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, choroidal neovascularisation and central serous chorioretinopathy were included. They were divided into two groups-the first one without vitreal reflux and the second one with vitreal reflux. IOP values were measured at baseline, right after drug application and 20 min thereafter. Results: The reference value range of IOP values were 10-21 mmHg and so were the average baseline values in both experimental groups of patients (15.81 ± 3.50 mmHg). In the experimental group without reflux post application mean values of IOP at 0 and 20 min were 50 ± 9.65 and 18.54 ± 5.06 mmHg, respectively. In the experimental group with reflux post application mean IOP values after 0 and 20 min were 36 ± 8.68 mmHg and 18.91 ± 4.82 mmHg, respectively. Conclusions: Following intravitreal bevacizumab application, a significant increase in IOP occurs. After 20 minutes the IOP values spontaneously decreased below 25 mmHg in both groups and there was no significant difference in comparison with the baseline values. Vitreus reflux is a major factor in short-term post-injection IOP elevation, but not from the longer-term perspective.

A case of 28-year-old female patient with retinal haemorrhage after taking 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy, MDMA) and having a sexual intercourse is described. Ecstasy is a drug that is often consumed by young people. It leaves various consequences on the human body. Retinal haemorrhage in the eye caused by ecstasy has been described before. Like in this case, the experience in spontaneous resolving of the MDMA-induced retinal haemorrhage is favourable.