Glycoconjugate vaccines provide effective prophylaxis against bacterial infections. To date, however, no commercial vaccine has been available in which the key carbohydrate antigens are produced synthetically. We describe the large-scale synthesis, pharmaceutical development, and clinical evaluation of a conjugate vaccine composed of a synthetic capsular polysaccharide antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The vaccine was evaluated in clinical trials in Cuba and showed long-term protective antibody titers that compared favorably to licensed products prepared with the Hib polysaccharide extracted from bacteria. This demonstrates that access to synthetic complex carbohydrate-based vaccines is feasible and provides a basis for further development of similar approaches for other human pathogens.

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En el presente artículo, se realiza una valoración paradójica sobre el impacto de las reglas y técnicas del merchandising, las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, y la publicidad en la mejora continua de las ciudades, como vía para incrementar su competitividad y posicionamiento en el mercado turístico, objetivo en el que se enmarca la investigación realizada, a partir del empleo de método teóricos conocidos, cuyos resultados permiten establecer una relación funcional estratégica entre el merchandising, las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, y la publicidad, en la consolidación de las ciudades turísticas.

The trisaccharide allyl 2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-6-O-[4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) was prepared directly from acceptor allyl 2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 4-O-(2,3,4,6- tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (2c) using regio- and stereoselective synthesis in dichloromethane with trimethylsilyl triflate as a promoter.