El presente artículo tiene como propósito el análisis del segmento espacial como parte del proceso de estructuración de un proyecto aeroespacial, partiendo del problema de desarticulación de procesos de diseño, omisión de factores operacionales y desconocimiento del comportamiento del segmento espacial en órbita. Para esto es necesario el recuento de los pasos requeridos en el diseño de misión de un sistema espacial, la arquitectura y subsistemas constitutivos del segmento genérico e identificación de factores operacionales útiles para el desarrollo del concepto de misión. Adicionalmente, se presentan diferentes formas de representación del movimiento de orientación y traslación del segmento espacial, como guía para el modelamiento de misiones de observación terrestre en órbita baja. Con base en esto se obtienen dos caracterizaciones como ejemplos prácticos para las necesidades de diseño y representación, tanto para el diseño de misión con la síntesis de objetivos de misión de un programa espacial, como para la representación del segmento espacial, frente a las necesidades de uso de un arreglo de misión de gran proximidad y con capacidades de maniobra en órbita, que incluso, pueda requerir no solo uno sino varios satélites en coordinación, todo esto mediante el modelo de vuelo de formación electromagnética (EMFF).
This article is intended to contribute to the development of proprietary technologies and the evaluation and selection of integrated technologies in the study of the aerospace concept necessary for the processes of technological appropriation. The problem addressed lies in the lack of modular platforms and lowcost test systems for experimental development and simulations of satellite systems. Therefore, compare to this the proposal of a scalable modular platform of the 1U CubeSat standard is presented as the main results. The design and characterization process presented from the concept of sustainability, contributes to the use and development of low-cost equipment that minimizes the impact on the environment and, in turn, is practical for its implementation in activities of groups and research centers that promote the diffusion of space technologies in Colombia. The methodology of sustainable design, the definition of design principles and conceptual design, which is materialized with the application of quality function deployment method (QFD), the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ)), the manufacturability-oriented design (DfM), assemblability (DfA), environmental impact (DfE), reliability (DfR), and safety assessment, are relevant for compliance with the CubeSat operating standards described in cds. Finally, several constructive modes of the low cost test platforms are proposed with different materials such as 3D prototyping in paper, abs, mdf wood and aluminum. All of them are small-scale satellite structures designed and constructed at low-cost. These designs result in the materialization to test on-board systems and integration resistance in assembly and materials, in laboratories as vibration test-bench, for research groups or companies interested in promoting the development of space technologies.
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