Objective: To evaluate the correlation between preoperative factors and short-term postoperative visual improvement in patients with keratoconus treated with intracorneal ring segments implantation.Additionally, to determine surgical complications. Methods: Analytical, observational case-control study. One-hundred and ten eyes of 91 patients were included. The preoperative factors evaluated included age,sex,visual acuity,refractive error,surgical technique (mechanical or femtosecond-assisted), pachymetry and keratoconus grade by keratometry. Two groups were obtained according to the gain of lines of uncorrected visual acuity after intrastromal segment implantation surgery, with a gain of 3 or more lines (cases), and a gain of 3 or less lines (controls). Results: Only preoperative myopic astigmatism had a statistically significant higher frequency in cases than in controls (p < 0.05). Although there was a greater number of eyes with an average keratometry between 48 52 D (Keratoconus stage II) in the cases group, this was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between the preoperative technique used and the postoperative visual result.The percentage of surgical complications was of 1.81%. Conclusion:The only factor with a statistically significant correlation with uncorrected visual acuity was the previous refractive error. The incidence of postoperative complications was low.
Determinar la asociación entre factores preoperatorios y la mejoría visual a corto plazo después del implante de segmentos intraestromales en pacientes con queratocono, así como conocer sus complicaciones operatorias. Método: Estudio observacional, analítico de casos y controles. Se incluyeron 110 ojos de 91 pacientes. Los factores preoperatorios estudiados fueron edad, sexo, agudeza visual preoperatoria, refracción, técnica quirúrgica empleada (mecánica o asistida por femtosegundo), paquimetría y grado de queratocono según queratometría. Se formaron dos grupos según la ganancia de líneas de visión sin correctores después de la cirugía de implante de segmentos intraestromales, con ganancia mayor o igual a tres líneas (casos) y ganancia menor a tres líneas (controles). Resultados: De las variables estudiadas, solo el estado refractivo previo de astigmatismo miópico tuvo una frecuencia mayor estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) en el grupo de casos que en el de controles. Aunque en el grupo de casos se encontró mayor número de ojos con queratometrías medias entre 48 y 52 D (grado II de queratocono), este valor no resultó estadísticamente significativo. No hubo asociación entre la técnica operatoria utilizada y el resultado visual postoperatorio. El porcentaje de complicaciones operatorias fue del 1.81%. Conclusiones: El estado refractivo previo fue el único factor estudiado con una asociación estadísticamente significativa con la agudeza visual sin correctores postoperatoria. La presencia de complicaciones postoperatorias fue baja.
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