Resumen
Este artículo analiza las relaciones con los muertos, las formas de la metamorfosis y el papel de los especialistas religiosos entre diferentes grupos Chibcha (Kogi, Barí), Carib (Yukpa) y Arawak (Wayuu). Estos grupos desvían de las nociones convencionales del animismo amazonico. A pesar de su heterogeneidad comparten la creencia en una interacción continua con los muertos y al mismo tiempo la practica de la metamorfosis voluntaria esta ausente. Las relaciones con los espíritus y los muertos son de mayor importancia que las relaciones inmediatas con los animales de caza, que generalmente no tienen la misma interioridad que los seres humanos. Esta diferencia coincide con formas del chamanismo y el sacerdocio basado en la adivinación, los sueños y el dominio de espíritus auxilares. La area Istmo‐Colombiana está entonces marcada por formas de animismo jerárquico en lo cual relaciones con la collectividad de los muertos, ‘pagamentos’, ofrendas y en el caso de los wayuu sacrificios juegan un papel importante.
Securing a life for the dead among the Yukpa. The exhumation ritual as a temporary synchronisation of worlds Garantir la vie des morts chez les Yukpa. Le rituel de l'exhumation comme synchronisation temporaire des mondes Asegurar una vida para los muertos entre los yukpas. El ritual de la exhumación como una sincronización temporal de los mundos
The search for ontological principles specifi c for the Isthmo-Colombian region developed slowly during the last decade and started from ethnographic data and anthropological experiences which diverge in specifi c ways from the ideal-typical ontological notions of animism or analogism. Th e paper present refl ections on a set of ontological principles, which – based on the current state of analysis – allow to characterize a variety of Isthmo-Colombian socio-cosmologies in non-essentialist terms and in delineation to Amazonian animism, which became used as interpretative frame also for contemporary indigenous groups further north. Th us, rather than proposing the existence of a specifi c and rigid Isthmo-Colombian ontology I will try to summarize a number of basic principles along which local socio-cosmologies diff er from the great ontological schemes like animism and analogism. By making some ontological links between the Isthmo- Colombian area and Mesoamerica visible the paper invites to rethink local principles in ontological terms, while avoiding the imposition of theoretically attractive, but only partially fi tting ontological schemata, which may cause selective misreadings and biased interpretations of local ontological principles.
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