Peritoneal adhesions are seen frequently after abdominal surgery and can cause serious complications. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the oral use of diclofenac sodium and ellagic acid on formation of postoperative adhesions in rats Studies have shown that agents with anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant substances can prevent adhesion by decreasing oxidative stress. We compared and evaluated the effects of ellagic acid that has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium on peritoneal adhesion development in our experimental study. Laparotomy was performed with a midline incision under general anesthesia and an adhesion model was created on the antimesenteric side of the cecum in Groups I, II, and III. Group I received 85 mg/kg ellagic acid and Group II, 50 mg/kg diclofenac sodium through the nasogastric catheter while Group III received no medication. Only laparotomy was performed in Group IV. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the 14th day. Following macroscopic scoring, tissue samples were removed and subjected to biochemical and histopathologic evaluation. The degree of adhesion and the malondialdehyde level were decreased (P < 0.05), and glutathione level increased (P < 0.05) in Group I compared to Group II and Group III. The effects of ellagic acid on the prevention of peritoneal adhesion were found to be stronger than diclofenac sodium. This can be explained by the fact that ellagic acid is a strong antioxidant and decreases oxidative stress with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects.

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Myofibroblastoma of the breast is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor. We report a 61-year-old male case who presented to the orthopedic clinic with right shoulder pain. The physical and clinical examination was normal and he was referred to our clinic. Excision was performed and there were no postoperative complications.

SummaryDefects in long bones are known to lead to increased risk of pathologic fracture. Holes weaken bones and increase the risk of fracture during bending, especially on exposure to torsional forces. Here, we investigated the effect of holes of varying numbers and sizes drilled into sheep femur bones on the resistance of the bone to torsional forces. Ninety-six fresh sheep femur bones were allocated to 8 groups, which were further subdivided into 4 groups of 3 bones each. In each group, 1 to 4 holes ranging from 2 to 5.5 mm were drilled into the femurs, and the bones were subjected to a rotation test. Forces that caused fractures and the force curves were measured and recorded. The effect of the number and size of the holes drilled in the femurs on the occurrence of fractures was compared using two-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's multiple comparison test was used for multiple comparisons. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. We found that the resistance of a bone to torsional forces decreased significantly with increase in the number and size of the drilled holes (P<0.001). The rate of fractures increased as the number and sizes of the holes increased. The resistance of the bones to torsional forces decreased as the number of holes increased. We showed that the size of a defect in a bone is extremely important for torsional resistance and is, in fact, more important than the number of defects. Keywords: Fracture, Rotational forces, Bone, Femur, Sheep Koyun Femurlarında Çeşitli Boyutlardaki Deliklerin Kırık Oranları Üzerine Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi ÖzetUzun kemiklerdeki defektlerin patololojik kırığa neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Delikler özellikle torsiyonel güçlere maruz kalınca bükülme esnasında kemiği zayıflatır ve kırık riskini artırır. Buradaki çalışmamızda biz koyun femur kemiklerinde drille delinmiş çeşitli sayı ve boyutlardaki deliklerin etkilerini araştırdık. 96 tane taze koyun kemiği her biri ilaveten 3 kemiği içeren 4'lü alt gruplara bölünerek 8 gruba ayrıldı. Her bir grubta 2 mm'den 5.5 mm'ye kadar değişen 1'den 4'e kadar delikler femurlar delinerek açıldı ve kemikler rotasyon testine tabi tutuldular. Kırığa neden olan kuvvetler ve kuvvet eğrileri ölçüldü ve kayıt edildi. Delik açılan femurlarda kırık oluşturan deliklerin boyutları ve sayısının etkisi iki yönlü varyans analizi ve Tukey'in çoklu karşılaştırma testi ile mukayese edildi. P<0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. Dril ile delinmiş deliklerin boyut ve sayısında artma ile birlikte kemiğin torsiyonel kuvvetlere karşı direncinin önemli derecede azaldığını bulduk (P<0.001). Kırık oranı deliklerin sayısı ve boyutu arttıkça artmaktadır. Torsiyonel kuvvetlere karşı kemiğin direnci deliklerin sayısı arttıkça azalmaktadır. Biz bir kemik defektinin boyutunun torsiyonel direnç için oldukça önemli olduğunu ve gerçekte de defektlerin sayısının boyutuna göre daha etkili olduğunu gösterdik.

We concluded that CE is an important public health problem for the Kars region due to a low socioeconomic and educational level, where livestock breeding is also common. More comprehensive epidemiological studies should be undertaken and national control programs are required to keep the disease under control.