Aim:This study was carried out to see the frequency of musculoskeletal problems in frequent Computer and Internet Users.Methods:This was a Cross Sectional Study performed in the community and we chose Office workers and students aged 18 to 50 years using Computers and Internet for not less than 3 hours per day. After a verbal consent, they were given a questionnaire in English. People having prior diagnosed musculoskeletal problems were excluded.Results:Total number of participants were 150, out of which 80% were males, and 67 (44.7%) suffered from musculoskeletal problems, affecting at least one of the four anatomical sites (low back, neck, shoulder, wrist/hand). Common symptoms were Headache, which was seen in 46% and neck pain in 41.3% of subjects. Whereas wrist pain was least commonly seen in 16% of subjects. Independent t test was used to compare the musculoskeletal problems with duration of computer use which has a significant value i.e. less than 0.05.Conclusion:Musculoskeletal symptoms are quite common, headache and back pain being most common symptoms. These symptoms are associated with prolonged use of computer and internet and often left unreported and unrelated.

Purpose To determine the frequency of ocular diseases in infants visiting the ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the department of ophthalmology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, from January 2015 to May 2016. The study included 377 infants ranging in age from 1 day to less than 1 year who were, selected by a nonprobability consecutive sampling technique. A detailed history was taken, and a complete ocular examination was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation for age. Frequencies were calculated for ocular diseases along with the percentages. Outcome variables included various congenital and acquired diseases such as conjunctivitis, congenital cataract, glaucoma, nasolacrimal duct blockage, squint, trauma, and fundus abnormalities. Results The mean age of infants was 5.0 ± 3.7 months. There were 196 (52%) males and 181 (48%) females. The sample included 330 (87.5%) full term infants. Acquired ocular diseases occurred in 230 (61%) infants; and congenital diseases, in 147 (39%). The most common ocular disease was conjunctivitis, which occurred in 173 (46%) infants, followed by congenital blocked nasolacrimal duct, which occurred in 57 (15 %) infants. Conjunctivitis was more common among neonates than infants. Conclusions Acquired ocular diseases were more common than congenital ocular diseases. The most common ocular pathology was conjunctivitis, followed by congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, in infants. Conjunctivitis was more common in neonates than infants.

Purpose:  To evaluate the frequency, causes and management of pseudophakic glaucoma among the pseudophakic patients presenting in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Study Design:  Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:  Department of Ophthalmology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Pakistan, from August 2017 to June 2018. Material and Methods:  Adult patients between 50 to 70 years of age with pseudophakic glaucoma were included in the study by non-probability convenience sampling after institutional review board approval. Patients with primary open angle, primary angle closure, traumatic glaucoma, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were excluded. Pseudophakic glaucoma was labeled in case of cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation and intraocular pressure > 21 mmHg or more in one eye along with glaucomatous optic disc or retinal nerve fiber layer defect on OCT (optical coherence tomography). Frequencies were computed for categorical variables. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 20. Results:  Twenty-eight eyes with pseudophakic glaucoma were studied. There were 15 (53.57%) males. Mean age was 63 ± 10.4 SD years. Mean IOP was 30.78 ± 7.5 mm Hg. Patients with extracapsular cataract extraction were 18 (64.2%) and 10 (35.8%) had phacoemulsification. Most frequent cause was posterior capsular rupture (n = 16, 57.1%) followed by pupillary block, (n = 4, 14.2%) and UGH (n = 3, 10.7%). Medical treatment was successful in 20 (71.4%) and surgical treatment was done in 8 patients. Conclusion:  Most common causes of pseudophakic glaucoma are posterior capsular rupture, vitreous loss, uveitis and pupillary block. Pseudophakic glaucoma is more common with anterior chamber intraocular lenses and extracapsular cataract extraction.

Background: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, complete lockdown was imposed from 24 March 2020: offices, shopping malls, market places, etc. were affected. On 25 March, further restrictions were imposed: hospital outpatient departments were closed and there was a ban on public and private gatherings. The lockdown significantly slowed down economic activities, and halted recreational, educational and religious activities and social gatherings. Aims: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the quality of life of literate individuals in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from 25 April to 15 May, 2020 among literate Pakistani who understand the English language, aged 10+ years and had internet access. We selected 500 individuals to complete the McGill questionnaire online. Results: The response rate was 73% (n = 365): 49% males and 51% females. Around one third reported a moderate effect on overall quality of life. Financial life was moderately affected in 45% and both physical life and emotional life in 43% of participants. Spiritual life was excellent in 69%. However, social life was severely affected in 56%. Mild depression was felt by 47% of respondents and 48% felt strongly supported during the COVID-19 lockdown. Conclusion: The COVID-19 lockdown made little difference to the quality of life of the literate population of Pakistan. A few aspects were moderately affected and social life was badly affected. Spiritual life improved for most individuals.