The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative temporal changes in the tibial plateau angle (TPA) after a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs. The TPA of thirty-two dogs were measured before surgery (TPA₁), immediately after the TPLO (TPA₂), and later at the healing of the osteotomy site (TPA₃). Three observers carried out three TPA measurements for each patient at the time of the evaluation. TPA changes were observed over the bone healing (2.05 ± 3.05°); however, no statistical significance was noted when comparing TPA₃ and TPA₁. There were no statistical differences in the inter-observer measurements among TPA₁, TPA₂, and TPA₃ (P > 0.05). The comparison between the preoperative TPA₁ and the rock back showed a low positive correlation (S = 4 735.9, P = 0.471 5, r = 0.131 976 9). There was also a low positive correlation between the body weight (kg) and the change in the TPA during the bone healing (S = 4 581.8, P = 0.381, r = 0.160 234 7). Although changes in the TPA have been observed over the time of the bone healing, they were not influenced by the preoperative and postoperative TPA, or by the body weight. The magnitude of the variation in the TPA is not determined by the previous inclination or by the degree of rotation in the plateau.

Rationale: The Modified Reasons For Smoking Scale (MRSS) has been used to evaluate the motivations involved in smoking, and gives a 7 domains solution. Another tool to investigate "why people smoke" is the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives − WISDM−68. It has 68 questions and gives a 13 factors solution. The great number of questions of this scale may difficult its current clinical use. Objectives: To develop a new scale to evaluate smoking motivation, including the 7 MRSS factors, and 3 new ones derived from the WISDM−68. Methods: A Portuguese validated MRSS was employed. Nine questions of the WISDM−68 were selected and translated to Portuguese. A total of 311 smokers (214 male; age: 37.5 10.8 years) answered the 30 questions scale. The answers were evaluated by the Kayse−Meyer−Olkin and Barlett tests. The influences on the motivational factors of the daily number of smoked cigarretes (SC), years of smoking (YS), Fargestron test (FT), and exhaled carbon monoxide levels (ECO), were evaluated by ANOVA. Results:We have found a solution involving 25 questions and 9 factors: addiction, pleasure, tension reduction, stimulation, automatism, handling, social smoking, weight control, and affiliative attachment. The following significant associations were detected: addiction and DCC (r=0.34), FT (r=0.47), and ECO (r=0.27); tension reduction and female gender, SC (r=0.13), and FT (r=0.25); stimulation and SC (r=0.11), and FT (r=0.19); automatism and SC (r=0.33), YS (r=0.12), FT (r=0.34), and ECO (r=0.19); handling and female gender, and SC (r=0.12); social smoking and female gender, and FT (0.12); affiliative attachment and female gender, and YS (r=0,15), SC (r=0.16), FT (r=0.30), and ECO (r=0.13). Female gender was also associated to higher scores of weight control. Conclusions: The ARSS showed coherent associations with important clinical features related to smoking. This abstract is funded by: None.