BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress (OS) is thought to be involved in both development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its further complications. In this study, certain biomarkers of OS were compared among the subjects with T1D, their non-diabetic siblings and unrelated healthy controls. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Known cases of T1D from both sexes aged 5-25 years were enrolled in a case-control study (n 1 ¼ 60). There were two control groups; non-diabetic siblings (n 2 ¼ 60) and unrelated apparently healthy subjects (n 3 ¼ 60). Anthropometric, dietary and laboratory assessments were done. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in dietary data among the groups. Total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in T1D than both related and unrelated controls (1.6±0.05, 1.7±0.05 and 1.8±0.06 mmol BSA equivalent/l, respectively, P ¼ 0.044). Both T1D subjects and their siblings showed lower glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) levels (median (interquartile range): 22.2 (28.6), 29.9 (23) and 41.8 (73.6) U/ml, respectively, P ¼ 0.006). On the contrary, superoxide dismutase concentrations were significantly higher in T1D group and the siblings than unrelated healthy controls (243 (45.3), 157.8 (176.9) and 27.9 (8.7) U/l, respectively, Po0.001). Serum concentrations of GSH correlated with energy intake in the siblings (r ¼ 0.521, Po0.001) and unrelated controls (r ¼ 0.268, P ¼ 0.042) but not in T1D group. The associations remained significant after controlling for blood glucose (r ¼ 0.437, P ¼ 0.001 and r ¼ 0.420, P ¼ 0.011, respectively) in both the groups. CONCLUSION: Augmented OS in the siblings may indicate an increased requirement for antioxidants in genetically diabetes-prone subjects.

Citation: Noorshahi N, Sotoudeh G, Djalali M, Eshraghian MR, Karimi Z, et al. (2016) Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Patterns are related to Lipid Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Objective: The effects of a single food or nutrient on disease may be insufficient and poor, but the cumulative effect is detectable. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and lipid parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: 740 diabetic patients from different districts of Tehran participated in this cross sectional study. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine odds ratio of dyslipidemia in relation to dietary patterns.Results: Two major dietary patterns were identified: Healthy dietary pattern (high intake of vegetables, tomatoes, fruits, fish, olives, beans) and Unhealthy dietary pattern (high intake of simple and refined carbohydrate, processed meat, industrial juices, high-fat dairy products, butter, sweets and desserts, eggs, snacks and sugar). After adjusting the confounders, Healthy dietary pattern reduced odds for hypertriglyceridemia by 49%. Also the chance of increased HDL-c in the highest quartile of Healthy dietary pattern was 2.4 times more than those in the lowest. Conclusion:Healthy dietary pattern is associated with low levels of LDL-c and high HDL-c levels. No association was found between Unhealthy patterns with lipid profile. SubjectsAs more educational programs that cover diabetic patients, having more healthier dietary pattern is expected compared with healthy people. But given the high prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes, this study aimed to identify the association between major Iranian type 2 diabetes patients' dietary patterns and dyslipidemia.This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2011 to June 2012. Data were collected from 768 type 2 diabetic patients (299 men and 441 women) aged 35 to 65 years with a random sampling of patients referred to Diabetes Centers in Tehran such as Iranian Diabetes Society, Gabric Diabetes Association, health centers, Specific Disease Center in East of Tehran and health houses. After providing written and oral comments on the objective and methodology of the study, written informed consent was obtained from participants. Individuals under 35 or more than 65 years, insulin users, pregnant or lactating women and consumers of alcohol 24 hours before the examination were excluded.Information regarding the required variables such as age, education, marital status, medical history and medication history was collected using pre-tested questionnaires. Height and weight were measured with minimum clothing, without shoes by using Seca Falcon scale and Seca stadiometer and according to standard protocols. Height and weight measurement were recorded with an accuracy of 100 g and 0.5 cm [41] respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height² (m).Usual d...