Sexual assault is a serious social problem that affects women's life. In Egypt, there is no accurate epidemiological study on sexual assault, although it has undergone a dramatic surge in 2013. The goals of this study were to estimate the prevalence and the characteristics of sexual assault against female in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. It is a retrospective study evaluating sexual assault against females from 2009 to 2013. Total numbers of cases of female sexual assault was 130 over the studied years. The mean (SD) age of victims was 15.2 (6) years ranging from 4 to 40 years. Fifty-eight percent fall in the age group of 12 to 18 years. Most victims (61.5%) came from urban areas. Summer was relatively a vulnerable season for sexual assault (53.1%); 81.5% of victims was unmarried and 94.6% with normal mentality. The highest percentage of sexual assault crime was found in females with primary education (44.6%). Twenty-two (16.9%) of the assaulted cases were considered intrafamilial assault, whereas 83.1% were extrafamilial. The most common location for assaults was at the assailant's home (50.8%), and 80% of the victims were exposed to assault by 1 assailant. The shortest time between alleged assault and the examination was 1 day in 12 cases (9.2%). The most frequent type of assault was complete vaginal penetration (48.55%). The most common type of physical injury was abrasions (48.1%), whereas the least was burn or broken teeth (1.3% for each). The highest percentage of genital injury was lacerations (36.4%), and the most common location was the hymen (36.4%).

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a worldwide used endocrine disruptor that is incorporated in many plastic industries. The exposure of humans to that substance starts early during the fetal life. Many agencies raised warnings against the excessive use of such substances. The present study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress effect of BPA on liver and kidney of albino rats, and whether co-administration of vitamin C can ameliorate this oxidative damage. Albino rats were divided into six groups: -ve control group,+ve control group,vitamin C (60mglkg) treated group, BPA treated group, BPA+ high dose of vitamin C (60mglkg) treated group, and BPA+ low dose of vitamin C (5.5mglkg) treated group The oxidative stress arising from BPA was evaluated in liver and kidney tissues. In addition, serum creatinine, uric acid levels, (AST) and (ALT) activities as markers of kidney and liver function were measured. Biochemical analysis revealed significant reduction in activities of enzymatic antioxidants in BPA treated group and BPA + vitamin C treated groups in high & low doses as compared to control group. In addition, there were significant increase in AST, ALT, uric acid, and creatinine levels in BPA treated group and reduction in their concentrations BPA + vitamin C treated groups in high & low doses as compared to control group. Histopathological and ultrastructure changes of liver and kidney were observed in BPA treated group and BPA + vitamin C treated groups as compared to control group. The present study demonstrated that BPA could induce hepato& nephrotoxicity, affecting oxidant/antioxidant balance in rat liver and kidney. In addition, Co-administration of vitamin C in low dose (5.5 mg/kg) didn't prevent this oxidative damage. While co-administration of vitamin C in high dose (60 mg/kg) augmented this oxidative damage.

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Acetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic drug, its overdose cause hepatotoxicity. The current antidote for acetaminophen hepatotoxicity is N-acetyl cysteine (NAC); however, NAC has been resulted in severe side effects as seizures, intracranial hypertension and cerebral edema. This study aimed to assess and compare the ameliorative effects of cimetidine and silymarin against acute acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Fifty four adult albino rats were divided into nine groups: negative control; solvent control; silymarin control; cimetidine control; cimetidine and silymarin control; acetaminophen group; acetaminophen and silymarin group; acetaminophen and cimetidine group; acetaminophen, cimetidine and silymarin group. A single dose of: acetaminophen (800 mg/kg, orally); silymarin (150mg/kg, orally) and cimetidine (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were given according to study regimen. Liver histopathology, biochemical analysis of liver aminotransferases (AST & ALT) and hepatic tissue levels of oxidative stress index (MDA) and antioxidant (GSH) were assessed. Treatment with cimetidine alone gave better biochemical results as compared to treatment with silymarin alone. However combined treatment with cimetidine and silymarin showed better ameliorative effects than either of them given alone, evidenced by better improvement in histopathological examination and biochemical results as compared to other tested groups, and these results were non-significant as compared to controls. In conclusion treatment with silymarin and cimetidine in-combination for acute acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity showed better improvement probably due to synergistic hepatoprotective effects.

Background: Acute poisoning is an important cause of unnatural death which may occur under a range of different epidemiological, social, cultural and religious implications. Aim: Study the medicolegal pattern of the reported cases of death due to poisoning in the region of Cairo and Giza governorates from 2009 to 2013. Method: Retrospective analysis of reports of all the cases of suspected fatal poisoning received by Zeinhom Morgue. Results: Toxic deaths represented 2.5% of all deaths registered in Zeinhom Morgue. Males, accidental manner, oral rout were predominant. The most common toxin was carbon monoxide. Conclusion and recommendation: The pattern of toxic deaths in Cairo and Giza governorates varies in both epidemiological and medicolegal aspects, the possibility of under-referral and reporting of these cases to Zeinhom Morgue must be taken into account. Competent system of referral of suspected toxic deaths for medicolegal investigation and autopsy must be established.