In this paper, a new antenna has been proposed with dimensions of 28 × 28 × 0.8 mm3 and the ability of operating in ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency and switching three notched bands. In the structure, to achieve the removal of characteristic of three frequency bands, a rectangular patch with an H-shaped slot on its surface and two C-shaped arms on its sides have been used. In addition, the designed antennas have the ability of operating in five different modes. To achieve the performance of reconfiguring, three pin diodes are used on the slots of rectangular patch and those two C-shaped arms. Also, with the defect ground structure and creating two rectangular slots and two L-shaped slots on the ground plane we make the excite of additional resonances and thus increase antenna bandwidth. Simulation and measurement results show that the designed antenna is able to cover the range of frequencies 3–12 GHz and a controllable frequency band rejection in the three frequency bands 3.2–3.75 GHz (WiMAX), 5.05–5.9 GHz (WLAN), and 8–8.45 GHz (ITU). The proposed antenna decreases the interference of the mentioned wireless systems with the UWB frequency.

The V1003R1 version of the monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation time series of the Middle East APHRODITE database and Asfazari database within Iranian territory in the time interval 1961 and 2004 were compared with each other. The monthly, seasonal and annual time series of the both databases in most cases show a random behavior and the time series follow a similar pattern with a significant autocorrelation of both databases. Studying cross-correlation between the time series of the two bases indicate that the zero lag significance in the monthly, seasonal and annual time series statistically confirm the coincidence of the peak and fall in the time series of both bases. Wilcoxon Test with 95% confidence confirms significance of the mean difference of the two series. However, there is not enough evidence to confirm the null hypothesis suggesting lack of difference between means of the two series. The statistical-objective analysis of the two bases' time series indicates that although the series follow a similar course, the estimated precipitation quantity in monthly, seasonal and annual time series of APHRODITE base, except in several monthly time series and in trivial quantities, has been less than the estimated precipitation of Asfazari bases, but the amount of the difference was not constant and did not follow a regular pattern, although this difference has been narrowed in recent years.

No abstract