Tanguar Haor, the most diversified ecosystem of Bangladesh is important for surviving around 70,000 people. Tanguar Haor has been declared ecologically critical area for 20 years. This study aims to examine the role of relevant stakeholders in conserving the countries' second RAMSAR site. This paper also attempted to understand the causes of loss of biodiversity of Tanguar Haor as well as its solution. Mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) research has employed for this study applying purposive sampling strategy. Study findings reveal that indiscriminate harvesting of mother fishes, use of agrochemicals, deforestation, hunting migratory birds, increasing trace metal, mixing silt soil with water are the major contributor to loss of biodiversity in Tanguar Haor. With the support of the Swedish Development Corporation (SDC) and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the government of Bangladesh has conducted a big budgeted project to preserve biodiversity of Tanguar Haor, however there found lack of coordination among peoples representatives, government agencies, and IUCN. Hence, the study findings ' will hopefully contribute to identify the irregularities in performing the role of different stakeholders that will lead taking further initiatives to preserve biodiversity of Tanguar Haor in Bangladesh.

Objective: There is little information on the incidence and prognostic significance of hypertension in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, especially in Bangladeshi population. The study aimed to compare the demographic & clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcome of hypertensive versus non-hypertensive patients with STEMI. Design and method: This prospective observational study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2022 at National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute. Patients were divided into two groups: hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups. Results: A total of 10378 patients were enrolled in this study. Of them 65.6% (6813) patients were hypertensive, and 34.4% (3565) patients were non-hypertensive. Mean age of the hypertensive group was 55.89 ± 11.18 years and the non-hypertensive group was 53.49 ± 12.25 years (p = 0.001). In hypertensive group, 84.1% patients were male and 15.9% were female & in non-hypertensive group, 90.4% patients were male and 9.6% were female (p = 0.001). Compared to non-hypertensive patients, hypertensive patients were predominantly non-smoker (49.1% vs 39.9%; p = 0.001), diabetic (68.3% vs 32.1%; p = 0.001), dyslipidemic (80.7% vs 77.3%; p = 0.001), obese (37.8% vs 32%; p = 0.001), have positive family history of ischemic heart disease (IHD) (29% vs 22.4%; p = 0.001), prior history of percutaneous coronary angioplasty (3.7% vs 2.1%; p = 0.001), prior history of myocardial infarction (5.8% vs 4.6%; p = 0.007), and chronic kidney disease (48.2% vs 40.2%; p = 0.001). Hypertensive patients had more multi-vessel disease (49.3% vs 42.6%; p = 0.001), higher in-hospital complications (acute left ventricular failure-24.4% vs 21.9%; p = 0.005) and in-hospital death (4.8% vs 4%; 0.04). Conclusions: Hypertensive patients with STEMI were predominantly non-smoker, diabetic, dyslipidemic, obese, have positive family history of IHD, chronic kidney disease and had higher in-hospital complications & in-hospital death.

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The symptoms of anxiety and depression amongst university students are more common throughout the globe as it affects one's social, economic, and academic life negatively. Although the students in developing and lowincome countries have more tendencies to experience depression and anxiety, the extent and pattern of the problem of depression are largely unknown. This paper focuses on exploring the various models of depression amongst recent graduates of Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet-Bangladesh, who experienced depression and anxiety throughout their academic life. This is an exploratory study where in-depth interview methods have been used for the collection of data. This study involved field research, and it is based on the primary data and secondary data received from books, articles, newspapers, archival documents review, and other online sources to define concepts and relevant terms. Thematic analysis method has been employed through coding processes to analyze the collected data. The findings from this study revealed that most students, especially the female students, suffered from depression and anxiety in their academic life. This is most likely due to educational, social, personal, and family-related issues. This study also reveals a high tendency of suicide, involvement in illegal activities, and failure to attain academic goals amongst depressed students. Hopefully, from this research, these findings will provide some guidelines and policy strategies based on the nature of these problems. Also, it will serve as a guide for future researchers and academic and policymakers to base their reports on in order to reduce this social disease.

The number of caesarean deliveries in Bangladesh, like other developed countries in the world, has increased at an alarming rate. Contrary to conventional deliveries, C-section births are more dangerous and difficult, albeit they are occasionally unavoidable. This paper aimed at exploring the health risks and complexities of caesarean mothers and babies in Bangladesh. Researchers organized a field study in Sylhet district, the northeastern part of Bangladesh, and interviewed in persons with 45 participants including doctors from two medical college hospitals and mothers who underwent caesarean sections applying purposive sampling technique. Researchers used thematic analysis method for analyzing primary data. Researchers applied two cycle coding (open coding and selective coding) to formulate the large themes. Research findings reveal that most of the mother participants got caesarean delivery only for avoiding pain without having any pregnancy complexities. This unplanned decisions regarding the birth style lead to serious concerns on the health systems of mother and babies including bleeding, over pain, increased infections, injury to the organs, problems in the future pregnancy, premature birth, asthma, diabetes-1 and other physical and psychological problems. Besides, these risks tend to be higher in Bangladesh due to lack of expertise doctors, technology, infrastructure, awareness and weak management systems. Hopefully, this study findings would be a guideline for the future researchers, policy makers, practitioners, and relevant communities to avoid unplanned Caesars and minimize the health risks of caesarean mothers and babies. Key words: Caesarean, risks, complexities, mother, babies, and Bangladesh