Dans les langues romanes et germaniques, le procédé de topicalisation consiste à déplacer en début de phrase un constituent pour lui conférér une interprétation précise, à savoir celle d’un topique/thème. Au-delà de cette caracteristique partagée, les deux groupes de langues se distinguent par deux aspects purement formels : les langues romanes ont recours à un élément de reprise sans autre changement dans l’ordre des mots, tandis que les langues germaniques V2, de façon inverse, emploient l’inversion sujet-verbe sans
élément de reprise. Dans cet article, je compare la topicalisation en français et norvégien standards. En m’appuiant sur la théorie des phases (Chomsky, 2000), je propose que le type de topicalisation (avec vs. sans reprise) et le mouvement du verbe (T0 vs. C0) sont étroitement liés. L’hypothèse présentée est que la périphérie gauche d’une langue V2 et celle d’une langue non V2 sont différentes, et que le facteur décisif est le statut phasal ou non de la tête Fin0.
Old French is considered by many to have been a verb-second (V2)
language. Furthermore, 13th century Old French featured a V2 system with strong
restrictions on the prefield, meaning only a single constituent was generally
accepted to the left of the finite verb. This bears a strong resemblance to the
pattern found in the Modern Germanic V2 languages and has occasionally given
rise to suggestions that V2 was a Germanic property inherited from the language
of the Franks. In this paper, a concrete hypothesis is developed for the
diachronic evolution of Old French V2 from Late Latin. It is argued that the
hypothesis of Germanic influence is not necessarily incorrect, but too
simplistic, as the two synchronic components of the Old French V2 construction
-namely V-to-C movement and restrictions on the prefield – most likely have
their own and independent diachronies as well. Comparative and historical
evidence is presented to show that V-to-C movement is very unlikely to have been
a product of Germanic influence and should rather be considered an internal
development from Latin. As for the restricted prefield (so-called ‘linear V2’),
the scarcity or even absence of evidence does not allow firm conclusions, but
some general theoretical insights from the literature on language change and
second language acquisition combine to make the idea of Germanic influence quite
plausible.
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