The ability of sea turtle hatchlings to find the seashore soon after hatching is thought to be exclusively dependent upon visual information. Target-oriented movements in most vertebrates, however, relay on combining information gathered through different sensory systems. Hence, in this work, we investigated whether olfactory and/or magnetic information might complement visual cues during hatchling’s seaward crawling. Acute olfactory deprivation and distorted magnetic sensation in visually competent hatchlings resulted in a scattering of seaward crawling routes among cardinal points, some of them being different from those strongly preferred by control hatchlings. In addition, blindfolded hatchlings also displayed a striking misrouting while crawling on the beach surface in spite of having intact olfactory and magnetic senses. Together these results support the notion that visual information is crucial for seaward crawling, but also that olfactory and magnetic information complement visual cues when turtle hatchlings display this behavior. Hence, the present observations suggest that multisensory cues are used by turtle hatchlings while crawling towards the sea. This work also has important implications on the design of species conservation measures and policies. In the near future, efforts must be made to identify and preserve the local natural sources of odors and magnetic cues, in addition to preventing the perturbing effects of artificial lighting on adult and hatchling turtle crawling behavior
El ojo es capaz de regular la respuesta inflamatoria activando una forma de tolerancia específica y sistémica para antígenos que son inoculados en su interior. Esta capacidad puede ser aprovechada para modular la respuesta inflamatoria en enfermedades degenerativas. Sin embargo, se desconoce el tiempo de permanencia de la inmunotolerancia y si ésta depende de la edad de inducción. El objetivo es evaluar la permanencia de inmuno-tolerancia a albúmina de suero bovino (BSA, por sus siglas en inglés). Inoculamos BSA en la cámara anterior del ojo de ratas juveniles y adultas. Estos animales fueron posteriormente inmunizados con BSA para evaluar la inmunotolerancia sistémica y específica al antígeno a lo largo del tiempo. El resultado fue que tanto ratas juveniles como adultas fueron tolerizadas a BSA (t(5):3.102, p < 0.05; t(8):3.278, p < 0.001) y este estado se mantuvo al menos hasta los cinco meses posinducción en ratas juveniles (t(7):11.704, p < 0.001) y hasta los 4 meses en ratas adultas (t(5):3.278, p < 0.05).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.