This study investigated the specific association of stressful life events (SLE) and experiential avoidance (EA) with depression in patients with mental disorders. It also analyzed the possible mediating role of depression in the relation of EA to well-being and life satisfaction. A total of 147 patients (mean age = 40.16 years) diagnosed with anxiety, mood or adjustment disorder were recruited from a mental health centre. They completed measures of SLE, EA, depression, well-being and life satisfaction. Regression analyses showed that SLE and EA were positively related to depression (R 2 = .45), although the contribution made by EA was higher (β = .61, p < .001) than the one made by SLE (β = .19, p < .01). Bootstrap mediation analyses revealed that there was an indirect effect from EA to physical well-being (B = -4.52, SE = .70, p < .001, 95% CI [-6.03, -3.20]) and satisfaction (B = -.14, SE = .02, p < .001, 95%, CI [-.19 -.09]) through depression. This indirect effect was less consistently supported with respect to emotional well-being (B = -3.33, SE = .48, p < .001, 95%, CI [-4.30, -2.41]). These findings give support to the hypothesis that EA could be an important factor contributing to depression in patients with mental disorders. The results also provide evidence that depression seems to play an important mediational role when considering the negative impact that EA exerts on patients´ well-being and satisfaction.
La promoción de programas multidisciplinares de prevención y los avances en intervención cardíaca han mejorado el pronóstico de la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) aunque sigue siendo la principal causa de muerte en adultos de mediana edad. Los programas de rehabilitación cardíaca (PRC) inciden en modificar los posibles factores de riesgo cardíaco (FRC) implicados, incluidos los predisponentes psicosociales (emocionales, de personalidad y comportamentales) que son el objetivo prioritario de las intervenciones psicológicas inmersas en ellos. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la prevalencia de dichos factores psicosociales en una muestra española (N: 905; 82% varones), incluida en un PRC y detectar la diferente prevalencia según el género, el riesgo cardíaco y la edad. Resultados: prevalencia en depresión: 29%, afecto negativo: 33.4%, expresión de ira: 30.4% y ansiedad 20%. El 17.3% presentó personalidad tipo-A (PCTA) y obtuvo una reducida calidad de vida el 25.3% y bajo apoyo social el 12.5%. Las mujeres mostraron mayor psicopatología emocional y menor uso de estrategias activas y PCTA. Además, con mayor riesgo cardiológico se obtuvo un perfil psicológico más adverso mientras que, según la edad, los más jóvenes presentaron mayor prevalencia de factores psicosociales. Conclusión: por su elevada prevalencia, se hace necesario enfatizar la atención a los factores psicosociales en los programas de rehabilitación y hacerlo diferencialmente conforme los perfiles de los usuarios.
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