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Objective. To evaluate the voids in root canal treatment of deciduous molar canals using three obturating materials and two obturation systems using micro-CT. Study Design. Thirty freshly extracted deciduous molars were used in this study. The specimens were instrumented using a ProTaper Universal rotary instrument and randomly assigned into six groups ( n = 5 ). Mesiobuccal root canals were obturated using Ca(OH)2 and iodoform-Ca(OH)2 and ZOE cement. The materials were applied straight from the syringe up to the 2 mm coronal level of the apex. Subsequently, the Lentulo spiral and ultrasonic activation with endoactivator were used for obturation. All samples were scanned by micro-CT with 9.1 μm isotropic voxel resolution. The voids in cross-sectional images and 3D volumes of voids were measured. Differences among materials were statically evaluated ( p < 0.05 ). Results. All study groups showed voids. Ca(OH)2 and iodoform-Ca(OH)2 with ultrasonic activation produced fewer voids whereas the ZOE groups showed higher voids with statistical significance ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusions. Ca(OH)2 and iodoform-Ca(OH)2 with ultrasonic activation decrease void formation. Further studies should be done with other obturation techniques and materials for deciduous tooth root canal management.

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Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge levels and attitudes of pediatric dentists regarding the use of dental radiography through an online survey. Materials and Methods: A data collection form consisting of a total of 17 questions and 2 basic parts, which was prepared in accordance with the current guidelines of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry regarding the use of radiography in 2020, was used. The first part of the form was prepared to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and the second part of the form was for the evaluation of the participants' level of knowledge about the use of radiography in pediatric dentistry. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, mean values, frequencies and proportions were calculated. The chi-square test was used to determine the association between categorical variables. Results: 131 pediatric dentists participated in the study. In accordance with the Guideline recommendation, 40.5% of dentists stated that they preferred bite-wing radiographs as the first choice for the detection and diagnosis of dental caries and 77% stated that they preferred periapical radiographs as the first choice for dental trauma. Conclusion: Even though pediatric dentists in Turkey usually choose the most appropriate radiographic technique for most clinical situations; knowledge levels need to be increased for more precise diagnosis and treatment planning and radiation protection.

Amerikan Ortodonti Derneğinin tanımına göre anterior çapraz kapanış; üst dişlerin alt dişlerin arkasında kaldığı bir tür malokluzyon veya dişlerin yanlış hizalanmasıdır. Bu malokluzyon, tek bir dişi veya diş gruplarını etkileyebilmektedir. Genetik, süt dişlerinin gecikmeli kaybı, süpernümere diş varlığı, kalıcı dişlerdeki şekil veya boyut anomalisi, kalıcı dişlerin anormal sürmesi, parmak emme veya yanlış yutkunma gibi nedenlerle oluşabilmektedir. 1,2 Genellikle erken karma dişlenme döneminde görülür ve prevalansı %4-5 olarak bildirilmiştir. 3 Alt keser dişlerde mine abrazyonuna, labial alveolar kemik kaybına ve diş eti çekilmesine sebep olabilmektedir. 4 Çapraz kapanış, mandibular kesici dişlerin maksiller kesici dişlerin hareketini engellemesi sebebi ile kendiliğinden düzelme göstermediğinden tedavi ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmaktadır. İdeal tedavi yaşı, kök gelişimi ve diş sürmesi devam ettiği için 8-11 olarak belirtilmektedir. 5 Tedavisinde zemberek içeren Hawley apareyi, anterior dişlere uygulanan kompozit eğik düzlemler, sabit veya hareketli akrilik düzlemler, anterior dişlere uygulanan paslanmaz çelik ya da kom-