The purpose of this study was to illuminate the effects of fulvic acid in plants’ stress signaling pathway. 2.0 mg/l fulvic acid was sprayed on soybean leaves for 3 days at 12 h intervals, followed by treatment of 150 mM NaCl or exposed to heat stress at 35°C for 2 h over 2 days. Pre-treatment with fulvic acid increased the relative water content (RWC), antioxidant enzyme, isoenzyme activities (SOD, APX, GST), as well as alleviated the stress-induced oxidative damage by decreasing the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, the application of fulvic acid under salt stress induced rubisco expression only at 12 h, while it induced the expression of cytochrome c oxidase at 6 h and 12 h. On the other hand, fulvic acid under heat stress induced significant expression of both rubisco and cytochrome c oxidase at 6 h and 12 h. However, under high salinity conditions, fulvic acid suppressed the transcript levels of Hsp70, while it induced increases in Hsp70 levels under heat treatment at 6 h. As a result, in this study, fulvic acid played the role of a regulator and stimulant in stress response of soybean leaves.

In the current study, some natural Vicia L. taxa growing naturally in the Southeast Anatolia Region were investigated from the point of view of molecular phylogenetic. For this purpose, transfer ribonucleic acid Leucine (trnL) was sequenced in order to study the phylogenetic relationships of the Vicia L. species. Lathyrus inconspicuous L. var. inconspicuous and Lathyrus cassius Boiss. were used as an outgroup. The length of the trnL area was determined approximately as 269-534 bp. The trnL sequences were submitted to the NCBI database and accession numbers received. We obtained information about the point mutations, as well as the protected and the changing characters. The taxa distinguished in the section level were separated and also grouped in terms of proximity on the phylogenetic tree (sect. Narbonensis, sect. Lathyroides, sect. Peregrinae, sect. Vicia, sect. Lentopsis). While, sect. Hypechusa, sect. Ervilia and sect. Cracca were not detailed to a great level of informativity. The data acquired were observed to be greatly reliable in terms of their ability to be used in solving taxonomical problems of the Vicia L. taxa.

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