Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people throughout the world since December 2019. However, there is a limited amount of data about pediatric patients infected with the disease agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: The epidemiological, laboratory, radiological, and treatment features of the pediatric patients who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 based on the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, were investigated retrospectively. Results: The median age of 81 children included in the study was 9.50 years (0-17.75 years). The most frequent symptoms at the time of admission were fever (58%), cough (52%), and fatigue or myalgia (19%). The abnormal laboratory findings in these cases were decreased lymphocytes (2.5%, n = 2), leucopenia (5%, n = 4), and increased lactate dehydrogenase (17.2%, n = 14), C-reactive protein (16%, n = 13), procalcitonin (3.7%, n = 3), and D-dimer (12.3%, n = 10). Three (4%) patients had consolidation in chest computed tomography, and three (4%) had ground-glass opacities. None of the patients needed intensive care except for the newborns. The median time to turn SARS-CoV-2 negative in the RT-PCR test was 5 (3-10) days. The median length of hospital stay was 5 (4-10) days. The time to turn SARS-CoV-2 negative in the RT-PCR test and the length of hospital stay were significantly longer for those aged five years or younger than others (P = 0.037, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Compared to adults, COVID-19 is milder and more distinctive in children. As a result, more conservative approaches might be preferred in children for the diagnostic, clinical, and even therapeutic applications.

Objective Psychiatric diagnoses of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the severity of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms of the patients and their primary caregivers, and the effects of these factors on treatment were investigated. Methods Sixty‐one patients with T1DM were included in the study along with their parents. Psychiatric diagnoses of the patients were determined using a semistructured psychiatric interview, and their depression and ADHD symptom severities were evaluated with self‐report scales. The ADHD symptom severities of the parents were evaluated using self‐report scales. The relationships among the psychiatric symptoms and the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) levels of the patients were investigated. Results HbA1c levels were found to correlate with the hyperactivity levels of children and the number of diagnoses they had. FBG and PBG values of patients diagnosed with ADHD were found to be higher than in those who did not have ADHD. HbA1c, FBG, and PBG values of the patients who had any disruptive behavior disorder were found to be higher than in those who did not. ADHD total scores, gender (being female), having diagnoses of ADHD or depression were found to be predictive of HbA1c levels according to the regression analyses. No relationship between the clinical findings of the children and their parents' ADHD levels was found. Conclusions The findings of this study implicate that children with T1DM should be evaluated in terms of ADHD which could have negative effects on the treatment.

Purpose To describe our experience concerning lung ultrasound (LUS) in the pediatric emergency clinic, and to investigate the diagnostic value of LUS in coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). Methods Patients aged under 18 admitted to the pediatric emergency clinic with suspicion of COVID‐19, who underwent point‐of‐care LUS and from whom COVID‐19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) samples were collected, were included in the study. Results Point‐of‐care LUS was performed on 74 patients in the emergency room. LUS findings were more sensitive than chest X‐ray in the early stages of the disease and in mild cases. Involvement was observed at LUS despite RT‐PCR being negative in some symptomatic patients with a COVID‐19 contact history. Conclusions We think that LUS can be beneficial in terms of identifying patients with lung involvement and staging their severity in this new disease in pediatric emergency clinics. The procedure is noninvasive, rapid, reproducible, and low cost, involving simple sterilization. Based on the current literature and our own practical experience, we think that increased use of point‐of‐care LUS can protect patients from unnecessary radiation and treatment delays during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Our study supports the recent idea that IL-6 and IL-17A are cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of infantile spasm.

ÖzetGiriş: Çocukluk çağında meydana gelen adli olaylar tüm dünyada önlenebilir sağlık sorunlarının başında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada çocuk acil kliniğine başvuran, majör travma dışı adli vaka olarak değerlendirilen hastaların klinik ve demografik özelliklerinin ve tedavi yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntemler: Çocuk acil tıp kliniğimize Eylül 2015-Eylül 2016 tarihleri arasında başvuran 18 yaş altı 39756 hastadan, adli vaka olarak kabul edilen 683 hastanın dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi.Sonuç: Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de kazalar ve intoksikasyon vakaları, önlenebilir ölüm nedenlerinin başında gelmektedir. Bu tür olayların azaltılabilmesi için çocukların yaşadığı çevrelerde ve evde güvenlik için gerekli düzenlemeler yapılmalı, güvenliği sağlamak için gerektiğinde uygun güvenlik araçları kullanılmalıdır. Ayrıca eğitimciler ve sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından çocuklara ve ebeveynlere yaralanma korunma programları çerçevesinde düzenli eğitimler verilmelidir. Konya, Türkiye e-mail: drabdullahyazar@hotmail.com Bulgular: Adli olarak değerlendirilen 683 hastanın yaş aralığı 0-17 yıl arasında olup, tüm olguların yaş ortalaması 5,82±4,7 yıl olarak bulundu. Erkek çocukların yaş ortalaması 6,37±5,1 yıl iken kız çocukların yaş ortalaması 5,36±4,3 yıl olarak tespit edildi. Çocuk acile gelen adli olguların 316'sının kız (%46,3) ve 367'sinin erkek (%53,7) olduğu tespit edildi. Adli olayların dağılımını incelediğimizde en fazla intoksikasyon vakalarının (n: 260, %38,1) görüldüğü tespit edildi. Olayların yaş gruplarına göre dağılımı incelendiğinde intoksikasyon vakalarının %77,7'sinin 5 yaş altında, öz kıyım vakalarının %76,9'unun 15 yaş üstünde, yabancı cisim yutma vakalarının %62,3'ünün ve yabancı cisim aspirasyonu vakalarının %90,5'inin 5 yaş altında, uyuşturucu kullanımı vakalarının %89,5'inin en sık 15 yaş üstünde görüldüğü tespit edildi.