Resumen: Partiendo de la Hipótesis de la Posición del Antecedente, Carminati (2002), y de los trabajos de Alonso-Ovalle et al. (2002) para el español, en este trabajo investigamos si en el discurso no nativo los pronombres personales de tercera persona, nulo y explícito, muestran preferencias en la selección de sus antecedentes, si cumplen una función discursiva determinada y hasta qué punto la transferencia puede explicar las similitudes y diferencias entre el discurso nativo y no nativo. Trabajamos con textos narrativos orales y escritos de producción semiespontánea de dos grupos experimentales: adolescentes bilingües español-dariya y aprendices de español L2 con dariya L1. Los resultados muestran cierta especialización de los pronombres para establecer correferencia y cumplir una función discursiva determinada. Asimismo, los aprendices de E/L2 no se beneficiarían de la transferencia positiva de su L1 y el conocimiento y uso de la lengua española de los bilingües no sería totalmente equiparable al de los controles.Palabras clave: Adquisición de segundas lenguas, anáfora, pronombre nulo, pronombre explícito, lengua oral, lengua escrita. Hypothesis, Carminati (2002), and the works of AlonsoOvalle et al. (2002)
Abstract: Taking the Position of Antecedent
INTRODUCCIÓNLa habilidad para llegar a ser un hablante competente requiere el dominio formal y discursivo de los elementos especializados sobre los que descansa la identificación inequívoca de los referentes en el discurso y su manejo resulta decisivo para llevar a cabo una comunicación lingüística eficaz. Un claro ejemplo de este tipo de elementos referenciales son los pronombres, ya que, por regla general, recogen una información presentada con anterioridad (anáfora) o una información que aparecerá seguidamente en el discurso (catáfora) y esa eficacia comunicativa depende, en gran medida, de la identificación y descodificación correcta de los referentes.
The aim of this study was to analyze the narrative abilities of a 33-year-old English-Spanish bilingual with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The few previous linguistic studies examining monolinguals with PWS have focused primarily on these individuals' narrative capacity, revealing a performance deficit in this area (Lewis et al. 2002; Garayzábal-Heinze et al. 2012). The present study is novel in that it examines a bilingual speaker and also tests his narrative abilities in both languages. Two wordless picture books from Mayer's (1967, 1969) Frog story series were used as the elicitation method. The PWS bilingual produced, over two experimental sessions, four narratives (two in each language), which were compared to four analogous narratives produced by a 25-year-old typically developing bilingual with a comparable linguistic background and proficiency level in Spanish and English. Following Gonçalves and collaborators' (Gonçalves et al. 2001a, 2001b, 2001c) narrative evaluation protocol, the narratives were analyzed according to three dimensions: narrative structure and coherence, narrative process and complexity, and narrative content and multiplicity. Overall, the results revealed that the PWS bilingual (1) presented a poor narration ability in both languages, with narrative content and multiplicity being the least impaired; (2) showed better narrative abilities during the second experimental session (i.e., narrative abilities improved with experience/practice); and (3) did not show typically developing behavior but a comparable performance to that of monolingual speakers with PWS. These findings suggest that bilingualism should not be discouraged in PWS populations and that special attention should be given to the development of their narrative abilities in their school curriculum.
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