The open-source paradigm offers a plethora of opportunities for innovative business models (BMs) as the underlying codebase of the technology is accessible and extendable by external developers. However, finding the proper configuration of open-source business models (OSBMs) is challenging, as existing literature gives guidance through commonly used BMs but does not describe underlying design elements. The present study generates a taxonomy following an iterative development process based on established guidelines by analyzing 120 OSBMs to complement the taxonomy's conceptually-grounded design elements. Then, a cluster-based approach is used to develop archetypes derived from dominant features. The results show that OSBMs can be classified into seven archetypical patterns: open-source platform BM, funding-based BM, infrastructure BM, Open Innovation BM, Open Core BM, proprietary-like BM, and traditional open-source software (OSS) BM. The results can act as a starting point for further investigation regarding the use of the open-source paradigm in the era of digital entrepreneurship. Practitioners can find guidance in designing OSBMs.

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Today, more and more digital services get designed to address multi-stakeholder challenges easing transactions and communication along supply chains. Here, it is essential that the digital services address the underlying challenges and satisfy all relevant stakeholders sufficiently. Especially, the multi-stakeholder onboarding is essential as a problem - digital service fit by itself does not guarantee the support and adoption of all stakeholders. Given the stakeholders’ unique roles and responsibilities they all pose different needs and requirements complicating the onboarding process. To ensure that the essential stakeholder requirements are met, we propose the adoption of the Stakeholder Onboarding Model (SOM) when designing multi-stakeholder projects, such as digital services. It is a step-by-step guide towards designing attractive and customized digital services to the network at question. The SOM adopts and combines the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Stage-Gate Model (SGM) towards a continuous improvement and reflection cycle. It is intended to guide the stakeholder management process from the design to the implementation of the digital solution. This paper adopts and evaluates the SOM with a practical use case from port logistics. Subsequently, its usefulness, applicability, and generality get discussed leading to the first iterations of the SOM.

Digital platforms have not only transformed entire B2C market segments but also created new markets benefiting from indirect network effects by providing technological building blocks and infrastructure. Digital platforms and according business models can also be found in the B2B context. Especially, logistics seems to be an adequate application for digital, platform-based business models. The present article focuses on B2B logistics platforms and questions whether principles of B2C platforms can be transferred to the domain of logistics. In order to assess the transferability of B2C platform characteristics, a white spot analysis is conducted along a sample of 54 digital platforms. The goal of the white spot analysis is to provide insights into the characteristics of digital B2B platforms in logistics. Moreover, the analysis provides a basis for the discussion whether B2C platform principles can be adopted in an industrial context.

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