Despite of the fact that the Human Genome Project was completed more than a decade ago, identification of the genetic background of polygenic diseases is still challenging. Several somewhat different approaches are available to investigate inheritable factors of complex phenotypes, all require, however efficient, high-throughput techniques for SNP genotyping. In this paper, we report a robust and reliable multiplex PCR-RFLP for genotype and haplotype analysis of six SNPs (rs41270082, rs3748051, rs142027015, rs3748048, rs73404011, and rs72925892) of the colipase (CLPS) gene. A multicapillary (12 capillaries) electrophoresis unit was used for high throughput and sensitive analysis of the digestion fragments. A Microsoft Excel-based spreadsheet was designed for the flexible visualization and evaluation of the electrophoretic separations, which is readily adaptable for any kind of electrophoresis application. Haplotype analysis of the two loci localized in close proximity of each other was carried out by molecular method, extended haplotypes including all five SNPs in the 5' upstream region were calculated. The techniques were applied in a case-control association study of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although, single marker analysis did not reveal any significant association, it was observed that the rare GGCCG haplotype of the five 5' upstream region SNPs was about three times more frequent among patients compared to healthy control population. Our results demonstrated the applicability of multicapillary CGE in large-scale, high-throughput SNP analysis, and suggested that the CLPS gene polymorphisms might be considered as genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Simmel Amerikában: az idegen és a marginális ember Absztrakt: A tanulmány Georg Simmel idegenkoncepciójának befogadását tárgyalja a korai amerikai szociológiában. Az írás röviden áttekinti a korai amerikai szociológia közegét, az európai elméletek megjelenését és ezek átvételének csatornáit. Bemutatja, hogy Simmel amerikai recepciójában a személyes kapcsolatoknak és az általa használt fogalmak adaptálhatóságának egyaránt jelentősége volt. Különösen igaz ez a Simmel 1908-ban megjelentetett Soziologie című művében használt idegen fogalmára, jóllehet amerikai hatása korábbra nyúlik vissza. A tanulmány kiemelt figyelmet szentel a chicagói szociológiának, hiszen a személyes és tematikai kapcsolódásnak köszönhetően Chicago lett az amerikai Simmel-recepció központja. Az írás kitér a chicagói szociológia vezető személyiségeinek, Albion Smallnak és Robert E. Parknak ebben játszott szerepére, majd bemutatja, hogy az idegen fogalmát Park miként értelmezte át a marginális ember koncepciójában, és hogyan alkalmazta ugyanezt a fogalmat Schütz fenomenológiai megközelítésben. Kulcsszavak: Georg Simmel, korai amerikai szociológia, chicagói szociológia, az idegen szociológiája, a marginális ember, Robert E. Park replika 2019 (112): 63-76. © A szerző(k) 2019 replika.hu/replika/112

Food and eating have always encompassed more than the simple intake of nutrients; therefore, when thinking about food consumption, we need to examine several groups of influencing factors whose correlations from the aspect of the consumer are described by a complicated matrix. This paper focuses on the selection of signs indicating new and innovative consumer behaviours, and on the megatrends that are the driving forces of transitions and that lead to the consequences of strikingly reconsidered consumer decisions nowadays. The authors stress that there are qualitative and structural changes in food consumption in Hungary, with an increasing quantity of differentiated consumer demands appearing, a few of them influencing our everyday decisions even atthe concept level. The findings of primary research originated from a personal questionnaire survey consisting of 2001 respondents, in which we also focused on the attitude towards eating and media consumption related to gastronomy.This paper is an introduction to the market segments detectable in the present Hungarian population aged 15–74 in the topics concerned.