No abstract

L’objet de cette étude est d’évaluer les risques environnementaux liés aux polluants émergents (parabènes, triclosan et triclocarban) par le calcul de l’indice de risque afin de prévenir des dangers liés à la contamination de certaines espèces aquatiques. En effet, les polluants émergents originaires des produits pharmaceutiques et des produits de soins personnels représentent un danger pour l’environnement. Le calcul de l’indice de risque des espèces aquatiques (bactéries, protozoaires, algues, crustacés, oursins, mollusques, poissons) exposées aux polluants émergents (parabènes, triclosan et triclocarban) a montré que celui-ci est proche de la valeur limite (1) dans certaines baies lagunaires Ebrié. Les baies d’Azito et de Banco, présentent des risques pour certaines espèces aquatiques. L’indice de risque obtenu par le quotient de concentration du polluant dans le milieu (PEC) et la concentration la plus faible pour laquelle on ne prévoit aucun effet sur l’environnement (PNEC), montre le risque du triclosan dans les algues au niveau de la baie d’Azito (IR= 1,71). Dans les baies d’Azito et du Banco, les algues, les crustacés, les oursins et les mollusques exposés au triclocarban sont montrés dangereux (IR> 1). L’exposition des espèces aquatiques aux polluants émergents (triclosan et triclocarban) est plus élevée dans la baie du Banco (1,71 à 29,5) que dans la baie d’Azito (1,01 à 6,93). Les espèces aquatiques telles que les algues, les oursins et les mollusques se sont montrées vulnérables au triclosan. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental risks related to emerging pollutants (parabens, triclosan and triclocarban) by calculating the risk index in order to prevent the dangers related to the contamination of certain aquatic species. Indeed, the emerging pollutants originating from pharmaceutical products and personal care products represent a danger for the environment. The calculation of the risk index of aquatic species (bacteria, protozoa, algae, crustaceans, sea urchins, mollusks, fish) exposed to emerging pollutants (parabens, triclosan and triclocarban) has shown that it is close to the limit value (1) in some Ebrié lagoon bays The bays of Azito and Banco, present risks for some aquatic species. The risk index obtained by the quotient of the concentration of the pollutant in the environment (PEC) and the lowest concentration for which no effect on the environment is expected (PNEC), shows the risk of triclosan in algae in Azito bay (IR= 1.71). In Azito and Banco bays, algae, crustaceans, sea urchins and mollusks exposed to triclocarban are shown to be hazardous (IR> 1). Exposure of aquatic species to the emerging pollutants (triclosan and triclocarban) is higher in Banco Bay (1.71 to 29.5) than in Azito Bay (1.01 to 6.93). Aquatic species such as algae, sea urchins,and mollusks were found to be vulnerable to triclosan.

Women use traditional methods for smoking in Côte d'Ivoire. These methods have an impact on the environment and their health because of the emission of CO2 which is a greenhouse gas and other gases (VOCs, PAHs...), carcinogenic and dangerous for the respiratory system. In 2013, an improved kiln, called FAO-Thiaroye Processing Technique (FTT) was introduced in Côte d'Ivoire in order to reduce the health and environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to compare the environmental and health impacts between traditional and improved ovens used by women in Guessabo. This study involved 45 fish smokers using traditional stoves, 34 smokers using FTT stoves and 50 controls. It was conducted from January to December 2017. The data collection methodology included questionnaire survey, interviews, observations, and medical prospection. Also, baseline spirometry and bronchial metacholine reversibility test in each woman were performed. Bronchial hyperreactivity was obserbed to be more frequent in women smokers who practice with traditional furnaces. Three measurement campaigns of Carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and Nitric oxide (NO) were carried out. The level of CO measured at the traditional sites varies from 19 to 184 mg/m3. It is often higher than the acceptable limit value (50mg/m3). However, these gas levels were very low with the use of FTT furnaces.