Micromorphology of pejibaye leaflets Bactris gasipaes (Arecaceae) var. diamonds-10.Bactris gasipaes is widely cultivated for the consumption of palm hearts and fruits. The present work describes the micro morphological characteristics of leaflets from adult plants of B. gasipaes, thornless variety Diamantes-10, collected in the Diamantes Experimental Station in Guápiles, Costa Rica. We collected 25 leaflets and analyses were performed with a combination of microscopy techniques: light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to study their structure. Our results showed that leaflets have abundant epicuticular wax on adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Analyses from the epidermis indicated that it is composed of isodiametric cells, and it is also evident that hypodermis cells have rectangular shape and are larger than the other epidermal cells. We observed stomata on both surfaces, but they were more abundant in the abaxial surface. On the other hand, the epidermis showed the presence of trichomes with three different morphologies. In the parenchyma, cells are large and not well defined, and we observed the presence of astroesclereids, and compact groups of fiber bundles between parenchyma cells. The central vein has several vascular bundles, arranged in a continuous manner, and they are surrounded by sclerotic tissue; some of these fibers presented live protoplasts. All minor veins showed the same anatomy as the central vein. In these veins, the vessel elements of protoxylem and metaxylem showed scalariform ornaments on their walls. Phloem is located towards the adaxial surface of the vein and we observed sieve and companion cells surrounded by fibers and parenchyma cells. The companion cells presented branched plasmodesmata attached to a sieve element, and in these elements we found protein bodies called P-protein. The main anatomical difference in the leaflets of the var. Diamantes-10, compared to the other varieties of B. gasipaes K, is the lack of thorns; the other morphological features seem to be conserved. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (3): 1273-1285. Epub 2016 September 01.
La vena roja del helecho hoja de cuero (Rumorah adiantiformis) se cataloga como una enfermedad de etiología desconocida, ya que no se conoce cuál es su agente o factor causal. Ésta alteración, al igual que el síndrome de Sterloff (SS), se ha venido presentando desde hace varios años en Costa Rica, lo que ha producido situaciones económicas desfavorables, reduciendo el área sembrada en 60% y provocando una disminución en los puestos de trabajo 70%. Se registra muy poca investigación a nivel mundial que caracterice ambas patologías, por lo que es imposible realizar una estrategia de manejo apropiada, lo que conlleva al aumento del costo económico, social y ambiental del cultivo. Con el fin de describir ultraestructuralmente los síntomas de la enfermedad, se colectó tejido foliar por un período de dos años (2007 y 2008) en Poás de Alajuela, Costa Rica, y se realizaron observaciones mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido y transmisión. Los tejidos con síntomas revelaron la presencia de cristales laminados en las células del mesófilo esponjoso y acumulaciones cristalinas amorfas en el parénquima del haz vascular, así como gran cantidad de cristales en las vacuolas del mesófilo esponjoso. Éstos cristales, aparentemente, están compuestos por oxalato de calcio, no se evidenció presencia de cristales en tejidos asintomáticos. Este artículo describe los hallazgos ultraestructurales en follaje con y sin síntomas de vena roja en plantas de helecho y menciona como una posibilidad de la causa condiciones de estrés por desbalances nutricionales.
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