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In the West Cameroonian crater lake, Barombi Mbo, and its inflowing stream there are 17 species of fishes, of which 12, including the 11 cichlids, appear to be endemic. We give a systematic account of the endemics, including four new species and two new genera, Konia and Myaka. The ecology of the lake is described in relation to the feeding biology of the fishes, studied by underwater observation in the lake and the examination of stomach contents. The cichlids in Barombi Mbo probably evolved there from two or three ancestral populations and now show clear ecological separation in their feeding and breeding. The problem of speciation within the lake is of particular interest because of the apparent absence of physical barriers to account for the genetic isolation of incipient species.

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