Persea americanaMill. or avocado plant tree is well-known to people from the sub-Saharan part of Africa. Studies carried out earlier reported on the use of leaf extracts of the named plant to cure diabetes and other diseases in the south of Côte d'Ivoire. This study aimed to assess both acute toxicity and hypoglyceamic activity together with performing a comparative study. The acute toxicity was determined using the OECD 423 protocol, followed by the analysis of biochemical indicators, body weight variation and vital organs damage of healthy Wistar rats. The aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts' hypoglycaemic properties were investigated through the hypoglycaemic activity and oral glucose tolerance test. Thereafter, the phytochemical identification of the molecular compounds' was carried out as well as polyphenols and total flavonoids quantification using Folin-ciacalteu and Neu reagent. The data analysis showed that P. americana leaf extracts' are well tolerated in general at a unique dose of 2000 mg/kg. Nevertheless, a slight hepatitis occurrence was observed. Additionally, all extracts exhibited significant anti-hyperglyceamic activity 2 h after glucose administration. Ethanol extract (100 mg/kg) showed a strong activity by depleting the glyceamia rate by 59.6% during 5 h after glucose uptake as compared to glibenclamide at 61.6% followed by methanol extract at 49.2%. The ethanol extract also appeared to be the most provided with phenols and total flavonoids exhibiting respective amounts of 2952.7 ± 166 μg gallic acid equivalent/g and 0.582 ± 0.012%, respectively. The current study showed that both ethanol and methanol extracts displayed a good tolerance and significant anti-hyperglyceamic activity probably due to the presence of polyphenol in the extracts.

Mitragyna ciliata (MYTA) is a Rubiaceae used in traditional medicine to treat malaria. Total methanolic extract of MYTA made was used for toxicological studies on laboratory mice and rats. The extract of MYTA was administered intraperitoneally. The doses ranged from 0 to 4000 mg/kg body weight (bw) (i.e., 0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/kg bw) for acute toxicity, and from 0 to 475 mg/kg body weight (bw) (i.e., 0, 125, 250 and 475 mg/kg bw) for subacute toxicity studies. Following administration of high doses, the mice had jerky movements and died lying on their belly. The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) obtained was 500 mg/kg of bw, whereas 50% lethal dose (LD 50) was 1412 mg/kg of bw. The study of the effects of MYTA on the complete blood count, blood glucose and the serum markers ((urea, uric acid, creatinine, transaminases (GOT, GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK)) of noble organs of rats was performed. The results obtained with the serum enzymes (GOT, GPT, ALP, CPK and LDH) showed that no significant increase of activity occurred. This indicated that the heart and liver might not have suffered damages. Besides, significant decreases were observed in the serum activities of GOT, ALP and LDH, suggesting that MYTA could have a potential hepatoprotective effect. Nevertheless, significant increases were observed in the serum concentration of urea, uric acid and creatinine at high doses. This indicates the accumulation of these metabolites in the blood, which could be due to kidney injury, leading to a decrease in renal elimination of waste.

Schrankia leptocarpa (S. leptocarpa) is a plant found in the Mimosaceae family. It is used in the treatment of dental caries in Côte d’Ivoire. Because of the direct contact of the decoction with the cells of the mouth and the risk of swallowing it, we have been interested in the study of the toxicity of S. leptocarpa. The aim of our study was to assess the risks linked to the toxicity of plant during the traditional treatments. To achieve this goal, cytotoxicity and acute oral toxicity tests of the ethanolic extract of S. leptocarpa (P) were carried out at different concentrations on Vero E6 cells from the black monkey kidneys of West Africa and on Swiss mice. This study showed a cytotoxic effect of extract P on Vero E6 cells for all the concentrations ranged from 10 to 2.5 μg/mL from the second day. This extract has been found to be no-toxic with an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. At the end of this study, it was shown that S. leptocarpa could be used in the treatment of dental caries without any fear of toxicity.