A new method for identification of stages in arithmetic task solving has been presented. Solving of addition tasks induced formation of EEG foci in delta-theta-band were formed in fronto-central and parietal regions of the left hemisphere and in parietal-temporal and frontal areas of right hemisphere. In multiplication tasks, delta-theta-foci were formed in frontal, central and parietal regions of the left hemisphere as well as in temporal areas of the right hemisphere. When solving addition tasks, the coherence asymmetry was increased in left hemisphere between frontal, parietal and temporal areas in delta-theta-band as well as between frontal and parietal regions in alpha-band. The neurophysiological mechanisms of complex addition and multiplication arithmetic task solving is discussed.
Neurophysiological mechanisms of recognition of verbal and nonverbal stimuli have been studied. It was determined that subjects solved nonverbal tasks faster and more effectively with their left hands, while they used two strategies of recognition to solve verbal tasks (fast reactions with right and left hand). Analysis of spectral characteristics of EEG revealed that mechanisms of both anterior and posterior attention systems were simultaneously involved in the process of effective recognition of nonverbal stimuli and ineffective recognition of verbal stimuli. Analysis of the event-related potentials (ERPs) showed that ineffective recognition of verbal and nonverbal stimuli resulted in an increase in the amplitude of sensory components of ERPs (N1m, P1m), while effective recognition increased the amplitude of cognitive components of ERPs (P2m, P3m).
In this study, the influence of analysis stimulus content on the reaction time (RT) and parameters of the brain activity was investigated. Thirty healthy right-handed volunteers (mean age 24 years) participated in the study. The dynamics of RT, characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERP) components during perception of digits and non-verbal stimuli were analyzed. The specificity of RT's asymmetry in simple and complex visual-motor reactions depended on stimulus type was revealed. The similarity of early ERP components (peak latency of 100-200 ms) for both stimuli types in simple and complex visual-motor reaction was shown. We also described the formation of specific ERP configuration for digits differentiation such as a left-sided asymmetry of component N200, and increase of peak latency of the late negative component with their extension to the parietal region.
The present article describes an approach for assessment of efficacy of independent work of students, studying natural sciences, using the digital technologies. Tasks were fulfilled in the Moodle electronic medium and consisted of answering the questions of the closed-type questionnaire, as well as writing answers to the questions of the Tests. We assessed time required for a student to write the answer to one question, number and correctness of the terms used and the level of plagiarism. These parameters were considered to be the effective markers to assess the level of student's knowledge during the standard test fulfillment. Key words: computer-based testing, independent work efficacy, test, terms, plagiarism level.
Шизофрениясоциально значимое психическое расстройство, характеризующееся ранним началом и значительными временными и финансовыми затратами на лечение. Антипсихотики высокоэффективны в лечении шизофрении, но в то же время имеют широкий спектр нежелательных лекарственных реакций. Эффективность и безопасность антипсихотиков различна и зависит от характеристик генетически детерминированных механизмов: транспорт, биотрансформация и элиминация.Целью исследования является обозначение важности фармакогенетического тестирования перед началом терапии антипсихотиками на примере клинического случая тяжелых нежелательных реакций у 47летней женщины с шизофренией.Методы: анализ истории болезни пациента; клиническое наблюдение; биохимический анализ сыворотки крови; терапевтический медикаментозный мониторинг; фармакогенетическое тестирование.Клинический случай женщины с шизофренией, у которой было отмечено отсутствие терапевтического ответа на антипсихотики в течение нескольких лет после начала шизофрении. Было обнаружено, что она является гомозиготной носительницей нефункциональных вариантов CYP2D6*4 и CYP2C9*2, гетерозиготной носительницей нефункционального варианта CYP1A1*2A, что стало причиной полного отключения активности изоферментов 2D6, 2C9 и частичного -1A1 семейства CYP в печени и развития нежелательных реакций уже при использовании стартовых доз нескольких антипсихотиков, а также нарастания антипсихотик-индуцированных нежелательных реакций при дальнейшей титрации дозы принимаемых антипсихотиков, нарастания тяжести позитивных (галлюцинации, бред). Отказ от проведения фармакогенетического тестирования до начала назначения антипсихотиков пациентке привело к длительному анамнезу (более 10 лет) антипсихотик-индуцированных нежелательных реакций при применении антипсихотиков в монотерапии и политерапии включая: арипипразол, галоперидол, зуклопентиксол, карипразин, кветиапин, палиперидон, рисперидон, алимемазин, хлорпромазин и др. (метаболизм с участием нефункционального изофермента CYP2D6); галоперидол, клозапин, оланзапин, перфеназин, промазин (метаболизм с участием нефункционального изофермента CYP2C9); галоперидол, оланзапин, пероспирон (метаболизм с участием низкофункционального изофермента СYP1A1).Таким образом, пациентка нуждалась в фармакогенетическом тестировании до назначения антипсихотиков
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