This study showed that the articular surface of the tibial plafond at the malleolar osteotomy site, soft tissue impingement, and uncovered areas around the graft were important factors affecting the clinical outcomes, as observed through second-look arthroscopy. Therefore, surgeons should restore the articular surface accurately after the osteotomy, and more caution should be taken to avoid soft tissue impingement and uncovered areas around the graft when performing osteochondral autograft transfer.

Injection of MSCs with marrow stimulation treatment was encouraging in patients older than 50 years compared with patients treated with marrow stimulation treatment alone, especially when the lesion size was larger than 109 mm(2) or a subchondral cyst existed. Although still in the early stages of application, MSCs may have great potential in the treatment of OLTs in patients older than 50 years, and more evaluations of its effect should be performed.

This study showed improved clinical outcomes after SMO for varus ankle osteoarthritis in comparison to the preoperative assessments. Furthermore, the ICRS grade was significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of SMO at final follow-up and significantly associated with the development of degenerative arthritis of the ankle joint. Therefore, arthroscopic marrow stimulation should be considered with SMO to ensure adequate cartilage regeneration. However, given the ICRS grades observed at the time of the second-look arthroscopies and the progression of degenerative arthritis in 42%, the long-term prognosis in this group of patients is uncertain.

For osteochondral defects larger than 50 mm(2) or when a subchondral cyst exists, the osteochondral autograft transfer system could potentially be used as a treatment of choice for osteochondral defects of the first metatarsal head to restore functionality of the metatarsophalangeal joint.

Apoptosis pathways are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs). As such, the current study attempted to investigate the overexpression of Bcl-2, Bax, or p53 with respect to the progression of PTCL. Paraffin-embedded specimens from 74 patients were analyzed immunohistochemically for Bcl-2, Bax, or p53 overexpression including PTCL-unspecified (n=45), extranodal natural killer cell/T-cell lymphoma (n=10), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (n=7), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (n=7), and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (n=5). The Bcl-2 overexpression was exhibited in 33 (45%), Bax, 17 (23%), and p53, 33 patients (45%). Bcl-2 overexpression was strongly associated with advanced stage (p=0.021) and higher international prognostic indices (IPI) (p=0.038). Bcl-2(+)/p53(+) group was found to be associated with advanced stage (p=0.008) and higher IPI (p=0.001), compared with the other groups. The independent expression of Bcl-2 or p53 was not correlated with survival. Meanwhile, when confined to Bcl-2 overexpressing groups, p53 overexpression was significantly associated with poor survival (p=0.05), as the 3-year OS rate was 82.5% for Bcl-2(+)/p53- cases, yet only 32.9% for Bcl-2(+)/p53(+) cases. Multivariate analyses for OS found the Bcl-2/p53 co-expression (p=0.004) as independent prognostic factor, together with advanced stage (p<0.001) and higher prognostic index for PTCL (p=0.008). Bcl-2 overexpression seemed to correlate with the progression of PTCL interacting with a p53-dependent pathway.