In the absence of a clear evidence base, the European TREAT survey confirms the wide variation in prescribing practice of systemic immunosuppression in refractory paediatric atopic eczema. The results will be used to inform the design of a randomized controlled trial relevant to patient management across Europe.

and Troilius Rubin created the Infantile Hemangioma Referral Score tool, selected the 42 clinical cases for validating the tool (stage 1), and validated the study design; Drs van der Vleuten and Roessler participated in the validation of the gold standard (stage 2); and all authors discussed and validated the study results (including the choice of the threshold), reviewed and validated the manuscript, approved the final manuscript as submitted, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Background The preventive effect which tenofovir/emtricitabine could have against SARS-CoV-2 in HIV-negative people is unknown. The objective of this study was to analyse the seroprevalence and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 among users of PrEP, TDF/FTC or TAF/FTC, and to compare it to that of a control group. Methods Observational descriptive study of the seroprevalence of antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 among men who have sex with men and transgender women without use of PrEP(Group1;n=250) and PrEP users with TDF/FTC(n=409) or TAF/FTC(n=91) (Group2;n=500), conducted from 11-May-2020 to 27-Jun-2020. All were provided with a structured questionnaire which collected information on the variables to be analysed and testing for IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (CMIA) was then carried out. Results The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 9·2%(95% CI: 5·9-13·5) in the group without PrEP and 15.0%(95% CI: 12·0-18·4) in the group with PrEP(p=0·026). Among users of TDF/FTC it was 14.7%(95% CI: 11·4-18·5) and in users of TAF/FTC it was 16·5%(95% CI: 9·5-25·7)(p=0·661). In those positive for SARS-CoV-2 receiving PrEP, 57·4% manifested symptoms compared to 78·3% in the control group (p=0·070). In users of TDF/FTC the figure was 53·3% and TAF/FTC 73·3%(p=0·100). The duration of symptoms was 11·5 days in the control group, 9·0 in PrEP users(p=0·116), 7·0 in users of TDF/FTC and 13·0 in users of TAF/FTC(p = 0·100). Conclusion Users of PrEP, TDF/FTC or TAF/FTC presented a higher seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 than the control group. No statistically significant differences were found in relation to clinical manifestations. PrEP users should use the same prevention measures as those indicated for the general population.

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