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In this study, starch extracted from adzuki bean (ABS) was used as a biodegradable film source. In addition, to develop a new antioxidant film, various amounts of cocoa nibs extract (CNE, 0.3%, 0.7%, and 1%) were incorporated. With the addition of CNE, the elongation at break of the ABS films increased and the tensile strength decreased. The ABS films with CNE showed increased 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities with increasing amounts of CNE. In particular, the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the ABS films containing 1% CNE were 100% and 94.9%, respectively. Furthermore, decomposition of the films was observed after 28 days of biodegradation. Thus, ABS films containing CNE can be applied as a new active packaging material.

New packaging materials using biopolymers have been studied to substitute synthetic packaging materials that lead to environmental pollution. In this study, a new biodegradable packaging material was developed using the pectin extracted from Citrus junos pomace, which is considered a food processing byproduct. Rambutan peel extract (RPE), at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0%), was added as an active material, and the functional properties of the C. junos pectin (CJP) films were evaluated. The incorporation of RPE enhanced the extensibility of the CJP films and their light-blocking ability by decreasing light transmittance. As the concentration of RPE increased, antioxidant activities of the CJP films increased, along with an increase in total phenolic content. Subsequently, the CJP prepared in this study can be used as a low-cost active biodegradable film material, and RPE can be added as a natural antioxidant for the CJP films to confer antioxidant activity.

Starch is extracted from rye and used as a film base material to develop a new biodegradable film. Different concentrations (0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 g per 100 mL) of rosehip extract (RHE) are incorporated as active materials to enhance the physicochemical properties of rye starch films. As the RHE concentration increases, the tensile strength of rye starch films decreases and elongation at break increases, resulting in improved flexibility of the films. The optical properties of the films are also enhanced by increasing opacity and decreasing light transmittance. Ultraviolet light is completely blocked. The antioxidant activities of the films are determined by evaluating 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. The highest ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities are observed for 1.0% RHE films (96.87% and 80.22%, respectively). Chicken breast samples wrapped with the 1.0% RHE film have lower peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values than samples wrapped with film not containing RHE as well as the non-packaged control, suggesting that lipid oxidation in the chicken breast is inhibited by the inclusion of RHE. The results indicate that rye starch films incorporated with RHE can be used as an active packaging material to retard lipid oxidation in foods.

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