The results of this study suggest that as a way to reduce burnout, institutional support to enhance leader-member exchange should be established for nurses who are experiencing emotional labor.

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of new nurses who took care of COVID-19 patients. For this study, study subjects were conducted with a total of nine new nurses, and data were collected through individual in-depth interviews from September to November 2020. The data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method suggested by Colaizzi. New nurses’ experience of caring for COVID-19 patients consisted of three categories. The three categories are “The fear as a new nurse about infectious diseases that they have not experienced”, “Physical and psychological burden in an isolated environment”’, and “Building professional values”. Findings from this study presented vivid experiences of new nurses who took care of COVID-19 patients. This study is meaningful in that it grasped the physical and psychological difficulties of nurses nursing COVID-19 patients, especially the difficulties as a new nurse, and the implications for developing and growing within them. It is expected that it will serve as basic data for the establishment of strategies for infectious education programs for new nurses.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of laughter therapy and cognitive reinforcement program on self-efficacy, depression and cognitive functions of the elderly with mild cognitive impairments (MCI). Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent control group pre and posttest design. Thirty-six subjects over the age of 65 with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment were assigned either to a treatment or a comparison group. Data were collected from February 7 to March 27, 2012 in the dementia supporting center. An eight week treatment program that included laughter therapy coupled with a cognitive reinforcing program including hand exercise, laughter dance routine, laughter technic and cognitive training for attention, memory, orientation and execution skill. Results: MoCA-K (t=-6.86, p<.001) and Stroop test CW correct (t=-2.54, p=.008), self-efficacy (t=-3.62, p=.001) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the comparison group. Reported depression (t=2.29, p=.014), Stroop test CW error (U=53.50, p<.001) in the treatment group was significantly less than the comparison group. Conclusion: In this study, the treatment was effective in improving self-efficacy, cognitive function and reducing depression in the elderly with MCI.

Purpose: This study examines final-year undergraduate nursing students to determine the educational needs for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), knowledge of COVID-19, attitude toward COVID-19 patient care, and nursing intention toward COVID-19 patients. Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 21 April to 6 May 2022. The participants included 144 final-year (4th year) undergraduate nursing students in Gangwon-do, Daegu-si, and Chungcheong-do. The SPSS/WIN 21.0 program was used to analyze the data; Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression were further performed. Results: The attitude toward COVID-19 patient care (β = 0.38, p = 0.001), a cohabitant formerly infected with COVID-19, and the intention to study COVID-19 patient care (β = 0.16, p = 0.018) were found to influence nursing intention toward COVID-19 patients. These variables had a 27% explanatory power for nursing intention (F = 14.23, p < 0.001). Conclusions: To foster undergraduate nursing students’ nursing intention toward patients with emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), a program focused on cultivating a positive attitude toward EID patient care should be developed and implemented. The curriculum should further include education on EID patient care.

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