In this paper, energy storage system(ESS) operation algorithm for economics considering battery degradation properties is proposed. Hourly electricity charge according to real-time pricing (RTP) and battery properties are analyzed for high profit through ESS operation. Especially, hourly electricity charge of Illinois State is analyzed. Characteristics of battery accounts for a high percentage of ESS configuration. Thus, degradation properties of the battery for the price considering the loss of battery usage is considered. The algorithm is proposed for the highest profit through analysis of the battery degradation properties and electricity charge, and the proposed algorithm is verified by mathematical analysis.

No abstract

In this paper, battery balancing algorithm for serial multi-module UPS system is proposed. The battery balancing algorithm is performed by the output power control of each UPS modules for eliminating SOC difference of batteries respectively. So, the coulomb counting method is used to estimate SOC of the batteries. The reference is compensated with SOC difference and according to magnitude order of SOC . Finally, the output voltage becomes sum of output voltage of UPS modules and the utilization of the battery is increased in serial UPS system. The validity of proposed battery balancing algorithm is verified by simulation results.

Purpose: School screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was conducted for 10 years and the prevalence of scoliosis as well as the size and types of curvature were investigated. The outcomes and existing research results were comparatively analyzed and the usefulness of the moiré topography as a screening tool was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Moiré topography was used in screening of 413,351 10-and 11-year-old from 2002 to 2011; simple standing entire spine x-rays of selected examinees were taken. When the Cobb angle was 10° or higher, the condition was deemed to be scoliosis, and the size, location, and types of curvature were recorded. Results: The average prevalence over the 10 years was 0.4% (0.3%-0.5%) and the trends in yearly prevalence did not change significantly. The ratio of boys-to-girls prevalence rates for the 10 years was 1.0:3.8. The rate of those with scoliosis whose curvature was 10°-19°, 20°-29°, and 30°-39° was 71%, 24%, and 4%, respectively. King-Moe type III accounted for the largest portion at 45%, followed by type IV at 35%, type II at 11%, type I at 7%, and type V at 5%. Conclusion:The prevalence of scoliosis in the subjects was similar for the 10 years but differed from previous research results. The size, location, and types of curvature were similar to those reported in previous research. The differences in prevalence from existing research are considered to be due to the screening method used. Therefore, conduction of additional research on effective screening tests is necessary.

No abstract