In this article the use of statistical analysis to determine the efficiency of surfactants as washing agents is presented. Two types of surfactants of different ion activities, three different types of fabrics, and four different types of soil — tea, coffee, red wine, and charcoal — were used for this research. The application of soil to fabric samples was carried out with the pad-dry method. The washing of all the soiled samples was carried out in a Launder-Ometer using the standard method at two temperatures, 40 and 60°C. A colorimetric evaluation according to a CIELAB system was used for all the samples, where the Δ E* values between the washed and unwashed samples, as well as between the washed and unsoiled samples, represent the criteria for the soil removal efficiency. A multi-factorial analysis of variance was used to explain the effects of the surfactant ionic activity, the fabric type, and the soil type on the efficiency of the surfactants as detergents. The results revealed that the efficiency of both studied anionic and non-ionic surfactants are similar when removing the tea, coffee, or wine soils, but when removing the charcoal soil the non-ionic surfactant proved to be more efficient. The surfactant detergency was not significantly improved when the temperature was increased from 40 to 60°C.

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Namen raziskave je bil proučiti vpliv prisotnosti protimikrobne apreture sol-gel na podlagi dimetil-tetradecil-[3-(trimetoksisilil)-propil] amonijevega klorida (Si-QAC) na barvo in barvne obstojnosti bombažne (CO), svilene (SE) in volnene (WO) tkanine, ki se največkrat uporabljajo pri konserviranju-restavriranju zgodovinskih tekstilij. Tkanina CO je bila pobarvana z direktnimi in reaktivnimi barvili ter indigom, tkanina SE s kovinsko kompleksnimi barvili in tkanina WO s kislimi barvili. Uporabljeni so bili rumeni, rdeči in modri barvni toni. Sredstvo Si-QAC je bilo naneseno v dveh naraščajočih koncentracijah. Pobarvani neapretirani in apretirani vzorci tkanin CO, SE in WO so bili umetno osvetljevani v aparatu Xenotest in večkrat zaporedno oprani v Launder-Ometru. Med osvetljevanimi in neosvetljevanimi ter pranimi in nepranimi vzorci so bile določene barvne razlike, ki so bile pozneje statistično obdelane z multifaktorsko analizo variance ANOVA. Iz rezultatov meritev je razvidno, da je prisotnost apreture vplivala na spremembo barve vseh pobarvanih vzorcev. Prisotnost apreture je statistično značilno poslabšala svetlobne obstojnosti obarvanj, ni pa statistično značilno vplivala na pralne obstojnosti obarvanj. Barvne obstojnosti so bile v veliki meri odvisne od strukture barvila. Ključne besede: naravna vlakna, protimikrobna apretura, vpliv apreture na barvo, pralna obstojnost obarvanj, svetlobna obstojnost obarvanj