The cytological examination of peri-prosthetic breast effusions allowed the diagnosis of bilateral breast-implant ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BI-ALCL) in the case reported. Ten years after reconstructive surgery with bilateral breast implants, a large unilateral seroma developed and was cytologically analyzed. The presence of CD30 and CD4-positive large-sized atypical lymphoid cells exhibiting horseshoe-shaped nuclei and a brisk mitotic activity rendered the diagnosis of BI-ALCL. Similar cells were seen in the peri-prosthetic fluid intraoperatively collected from the contralateral breast. Although initial histological analysis of the capsulectomy specimens showed unilateral tumor, the cytological findings prompted a more thorough tissue sampling, resulting in the diagnosis of bilateral disease. BI-ALCL usually follows an indolent clinical course; however, there are reported cases with an aggressive behavior. While the presence of bilateral disease is a putative risk factor for a bad prognosis, the small number of cases reported precludes a definitive assessment of this risk. Since most BI-ALCL present with late seromas, cytologic analysis of these effusions in women with breast implants should be mandatory. Cytology is a safe tool for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with breast implant-related late seromas, sometimes proven more sensitive than histological analysis. Complete bilateral capsulectomy and a detailed histological analysis should follow a cytological diagnosis of BI-ALCL in a breast effusion in order to avoid false negative diagnoses. Our case constitutes the first published report of a bilateral BI-ALCL diagnosed by cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:623-627. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introducción: El tumor Phyllodes mamario es una entidad muy poco frecuente, con tendencia a la recidiva local y una tasa de malignización del 5-10%. La base de su tratamiento es la resección quirúrgica. Material y Métodos: Mujer de 32 años diagnosticada de un tumor Phyllodes maligno en mama derecha sometida en otro centro a cirugía conservadora con colocación de expansor y a dos tumorectomías posteriores por recidiva local. Fue referida a nuestro Hospital al presentar una nueva recidiva de gran tamaño (9,2cm) para valoración de intervención quirúrgica. Resultados: Se realizó exéresis del tumor (remanente de tejido mamario y músculo pectoral mayor) y retirada del expansor con reconstrucción mamaria con colgajo de dorsal ancho en el mismo tiempo quirúrgico. En el momento actual la paciente se encuentra pendiente de iniciar tratamiento radioterápico. Conclusiones: El tumor Phyllodes maligno es una entidad poco frecuente y cuyo manejo terapéutico se basa en la resección quirúrgica con márgenes. De forma adyuvante se puede administrar quimiorradioterapia. Es de gran importancia realizar un manejo multidisciplinar e individualizado de cada caso para ofrecer el mejor pronóstico.
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