Histamine is an important substance that can be applied as a parameter for allergic reactions and food freshness. This study develops a method to produce a histamine sensor based on electrodes modified using polyurethane-LiClO4. A sensor method was developed where this sensor was produced from polyurethane. The application of 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (hard compound) and palm kernel oil-based monoester polyol (soft compound) to produce polyurethane (PU) based on bio-polyol. The addition of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) was done in order to increase the conductivity of PU. The oxidation process was detected using cyclic voltammetry, whereas the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to analyze the conductivity of the polymer. The polyurethane-LiClO4 was attached on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) within 45 min. Moreover, the 1% LiClO4-PU-SPE presented satisfactory selectivity for the detection of histamine in the pH 7.5 solution. The LiClO4-PU-SPE presented a good correlation coefficient (R = 0.9991) in the range 0.015–1 mmol·L–1. The detection limit was 0.17 mmol·L–1. Moreover, the histamine concentration of mackerel samples was detected by the PU-SEP-LiClO4. Several amine compounds were chosen to study the selectivity of histamine detection using SPE-PU-LiClO4. The interference was from several major interfering compounds such as aniline, cadaverine, hexamine, putrescine, and xanthine. The technique showed a satisfactory selective analysis compared to the other amines. A satisfactory recovery performance toward varying concentrations of histamine was obtained at 94 and 103% for histamine at 0.01 and 0.1 mmol·L–1, respectively. The application of PU-SEP-LiClO4 as an electrochemical sensor has a great prospect to analyze histamine content in fish mackerel as a consequence of PU-SEP-LiClO4 having good selectivity and simplicity.

Pre menstrual syndrome (PMS) affects women's quality of life, social and economic performance. The other study discovered that 23-31 % of reproductive aged women experience PMS to a degree that affects their daily acivity. Symptoms of pre menstrual syndrome (PMS) are divided into 4 types, namely type A for anxiety, type C for craving (hungry), type D for depression, and type H for hyperhydration (liquid stockpiling). Type A is commonly unrecognnized in Indonesia. Symptoms of type A consist of anxiety, irritability, labilty, and nerves tense. It is important to know how to reduce the symptoms. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of pyridoxin in reducing symptoms of pre menstrual syndrome (PMS) and the most resolvable type of symtom. There was an effect of using pyridoxine to reduce PMS. It known from the significance value of t-test that was 0.000. The type of PMS with the highest symptom reduction was PMS type A, because pyridoxine could increase stability estrogen and progesterone activity. Anxiety pre menstrual syndrome probably caused by unstable hormone.

<p><span><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></span></p><p><span><strong></strong><br /><span><strong>Latar belakang</strong><span><em>: Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan komplikasi pada DM yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya </em><span><em>kadar kolesterol total. Prevalensi hiperkolesterolemia pada DM mencapai 20%-90%. Beberapa penelitian </em><span><em>menyebutkan bahwa glukomanan dalam tepung porang yang merupakan serat dapat menurunkan </em><span><em>kadar kolesterol.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><span><strong><em>Tujuan</em></strong><span><em>: Mengetahui efek tepung porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) dengan maserasi keji beling </em><span><em>(Strobilanthes crispa) terhadap kadar kolesterol total pada tikus wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) DM tipe</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><span><strong><em>Metode</em></strong><span><em>: Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen murni dengan rancangan pre post with control group design. </em><span><em>Subjek penelitian adalah 35 ekor tikus yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol </em><span><em>positif, pembanding, tepung porang murni, dan porang dengan ekstrak Strobilanthes crispa. Serum </em><span><em>darah semua tikus diambil setelah 14 hari perlakuan untuk diukur kadar kolesterol total. Kemudian hasil </em><span><em>dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata (Duncan). </em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><span><strong><em>Hasil </em></strong><span><em>: Pemberian tepung porang ekstrak Strobilanthes crispa dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol </em><span><em>total lebih baik sebesar 28,76% dibandingkan tepung porang murni yang dapat menurunkan kadar </em><span><em>kolesterol total sebesar 15,35% (p=0,05). Kadar air feses hari ke-1 dan hari ke-14 tidak berbeda nya</em><br /><span><em>pada semua kelompok. </em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><span><strong><em>Kesimpulan </em></strong><span><em>: Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian tepung porang dengan maserasi </em><span><em>ekstrak Strobilanthes crispa dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total lebih baik dibandingkan tepung </em><span><em>porang murni. </em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><strong>KATA KUNCI:</strong> <span><em>diabetes melitus, keji beling, Strobilanthes crispa, kolesterol total, tepung porang,</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><strong></strong><br /><span><strong><em>Background</em></strong><span><em>: Hypercholesterolemia is a complication in DM characterized by increased of total cholesterol </em><span><em>levels. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in DM reached 20% -90%. Several studies stated that </em><span><em>glucomannan in porang flour which is a fiber may lower cholesterol levels. </em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><span><strong><em>Objective: </em></strong><span><em>To understand the effect of porang flour (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) with keji beling </em><span><em>(Strobilanthes crispa) maceration of total cholesterol levels in male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) DM </em><span><em>type 2. </em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><span><strong><em>Methods</em></strong><span><em>: This study used on experimental with pre post with control group design. The subjects were </em><span><em>35 rats divided into 5 groups: negative control, positive control, comparison, pure porang intervention, </em><span><em>and porang flour with Strobilanthes crispa extract. The blood serum of all rats was taken after 14 days of </em><span><em>treatment to measure total cholesterol levels. Then the results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by </em><span><em>real difference test (Duncan). </em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><span><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><span><em>Porang flour with Strobilanthes crispa maceration decreased total cholesterol level by 28.76% </em><span><em>compared to pure porang flour which only reduced total cholesterol level equal to 15.35% </em><span>(p=0.05<span><em>).</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><span><strong><em>Conclusions</em></strong><span><em>: From the results of this study it can be concluded that the provision porang flour with </em><span><em>Strobilanthes crispa maceration can lower total cholesterol level better than pure porang flour. </em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><em></em><span><strong><em>KEYWORDS: </em></strong><span><em>diabetes mellitus, keji beling, Strobilanthes crispa, total cholesterol, porang flour</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberkulosis. Tingkat keberhasilan pengobatan tuberkulosis sangat tergantung dari tingkat kepatuhan pasien. Pengetahuan merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kepatuhan seseorang dalam menjalani tahap pengobatan. Pengetahuan pasien tentang penyebab, tanda dan gejala, penularan, pencegahan cara konsumsi dan lamanya pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan pasien tuberkulosis paru di Puskesmas Binangun Cilacap. Jenis penelitian bersifat kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini yaitu purposive sampling dengan populasi penelitian yaitu pasien yang sedang menjalani pengobatan tuberkulosis paru di Puskesmas Binangun Cilacap. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 32 respoden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa responden dengan tingkat kepatuhan tinggi sebanyak 29 orang (90,6%). Responden dengan tingkat kepatuhan sedang sebanyak 3 orang (9,4%). Responden dengan pengetahuan dan tingkat kepatuhan tinggi sebanyak 19 orang (59,4%) dan responden dengan pengetahuan sedang dan tingkat kepatuhan tinggi sebanyak 10 orang (31,3%) sedangkan respoden dengan pengetahuan dan tingkat kepatuhan sedang sebanyak 3 orang (9,4%). Kesimpulan penelitian berdasarkan uji Spearman Rho diperoleh p-value 0,028 < α (0,05) dan τ 0,389 sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan lemah antara pengetahuan dengan tingkat kepatuhan pasien tuberkulosis paru di Puskesmas Binangun Cilacap yang bersifat positif.

Background: Cinnamon has been widely used by Indonesian people as a complementary therapy to treat hyperglycemia such as in diabetes mellitus patients. While ginger is also used as a mixture in traditional anti hyperglycemia herb. There is not known how much antidiabetic effect of cinnamon ethanolic extract when combined with ginger, and not many studies have analyzed the correlation of lowering blood glucose levels associated with increasing of insulin of this combination.   Objectives: This study aimed to investigates antidiabetic activity of cinnamon extract, zingiber extract, and mixture on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.   Methods: This pharmacological study used Wistar strain male rats under hyperglycemia condition induced by streptozotocin at a dose of 45mg/kg. Sample were grouped with 6 animals in each where there was a positive and negative control group and also an intervention group given ethanol extract for 14 days.  Results: The result showed that all intervention groups experienced an increase in insulin levels and a decrease in blood glucose levels after 14 days. The One Way Anova test showed that the increase of insulin levels treated with combination of ethanolic extract cinnamon bark at the dose 150mg/200gr and ginger ethanolic extract at the dose 100mg/200gr was comparable to Glibenclamide (p=0.355), but the decrease in blood glucose levels between groups showed a difference that was not statistically significant. There was a relationship between insulin levels and blood glucose levels linearity with the equation Y (insulin level) = -5.261 + (-0.060) blood glucose level.  Conclusions: The combination of cinnamon and ginger showed beneficial synergistic anti-diabetic activity. It can increase insulin levels, making it possible to control blood sugar levels in high blood glucose conditions.