Objectives: To identify the presence of contamination on tourniquets for peripheral intravenous puncture and to characterize the profile of the Staphylococcus spp. and the isolated yeasts. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which 18 tourniquets for peripheral intravenous puncture in use at a hospital were analyzed. The tourniquets were immersed in BHI broth for 24h and cultivated in selective media for isolation and identification of Staphylococcus spp. and yeasts. The disk-diffusion method was employed to analyze the susceptibility profile of the Staphylococcus spp. to the antimicrobial agents. Results: The growth of some microorganism was identified on 13 (72.2%) tourniquets: 11 (52.4%) coagulasenegative Staphylococcus, two (9.5%) Staphylococcus aureus, four (19%) Rodothorula mucilaginosa, three (14.3%) Candida albicans. 61.5% of the Staphylococcus spp. were oxacillin-resistant. The team professionals did not mention protocols for cleaning, disinfection or controlled replacement of these materials at the institution. Conclusion: The contamination of tourniquets by pathogenic microorganisms was identified, with a resistance profile to the antibiotics that are frequently used in hospitals. ResumoObjetivos: Identificar a presença de contaminação em torniquetes para punção intravenosa periférica e caracterizar o perfil dos Staphylococcus spp. e leveduras isolados. Métodos: Estudo transversal que inseriu análise de 18 torniquetes para punção intravenosa periférica em uso no hospital. Os torniquetes foram imersos em caldo BHI por 24h e cultivados em meios seletivos para isolamento e identificação de Staphylococcus spp. e leveduras. O método disco-difusão foi empregado para analisar o perfil de suscetibilidade dos Staphylococcus spp. aos antimicrobianos. Resultados: Treze (72,2%) torniquetes apresentaram crescimento de algum micro-organismo sendo 11 (52,4%) Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo, dois (9,5%) Staphylococcus aureus, quatro (19%) Rodothorula mucilaginosa, três (14,3%) Candida albicans. 61,5% dos Staphylococcus spp. apresentaram resistência a oxacilina. Os profissionais da equipe não relataram protocolos para limpeza, desinfecção ou substituição controlada destes materiais na instituição. Conclusão: Foi identificada a contaminação de torniquetes por micro-organismos patogênicos com perfil de resistência aos antibióticos muito utilizados em instituições hospitalares.

The aim of this article is to characterize the biological aspects of oral strains of C. albicans in children with Down's syndrome. These yeasts were analyzed as to their macromorphological and enzymatic aspects and were tested as to their in vitro susceptibility to antifungal drugs using broth microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The morphotyping revealed that all oral C. albicans isolates from children with Down's syndrome promoted the formation of fringes regardless of size, while the control group presented smaller fringes. All oral C. albicans strains produced proteinase, but those with phospholipolytic activity showed greater enzyme capacity in the test group. In vitro susceptibility showed that all oral C. albicans isolates were sensitive to the drugs used.

Introduction: Goiás State, which is in the midwest region of Brazil, has several urban forests. This fact, along with the expansion of urban areas within the limits of Forest Conservation Units, increases the contact between humans and wildlife, such as capuchin monkeys. The impulsive behavior of these animals and the scarcity of food cause them to vigorously search for food, leading to direct encounters with Park visitors, which can result in scratches and bites and making them potential disseminators of pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: Ten specimens of bearded capuchin monkey (Sapajus libidinosus) were captured at the Onofre Quinan Environmental Park in Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil. Samples were collected from the monkeys, and the bacteria and fungi present in the samples were isolated and identified. Then, the identified microorganisms were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results: A total of 111 bacteria and 12 fungi were isolated, including two strict anaerobic bacteria of the genus Peptostreptococcus, 109 facultative anaerobic bacteria, and 12 yeasts. Among the facultative bacteria, enterobacteria and Staphylococcus were common. Resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin antibiotics was detected in the enterobacteria, and resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin was detected in the Staphylococci. The other strains were sensitive to all tested antimicrobials. Cefoxitin showed 100% efficacy in all isolated bacteria. Conclusions: For bites from capuchin monkeys, we recommend performing complete hygiene and antibiotic therapy, according to medical recommendations. Given the 100% effectiveness of cefoxitin, it should be considered for this type of injury, especially in the study region.

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<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 150%;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="line-height: 15px;">A incidência de infecções fúngicas vem aumentando significativamente nos últimos anos e a levedura Candida albicans é responsável </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">pela maioria destas infecções. Esta levedura comensal é facilmente encontrada na mucosa bucal, trato gastrointestinal, trato urogenital </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">e pele de seres humanos desde o nascimento. Em determinadas circunstâncias, quando ocorre ruptura do equilíbrio biológico devido </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">a fatores predisponentes, pode haver um aumento na multiplicação e invasão dos tecidos do hospedeiro por estes micro-organismos.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 150%;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="line-height: 15px;">A expressão de determinados fatores de virulência, tais como adesinas, proteases e fosfolipases, variações fenotípicas e a formação </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">de biofilmes microbianos, facilitam a penetração nos tecidos e conferem uma maior patogenicidade a estas leveduras. Crescendo </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">em biofilme, as células possuem fenótipo alterado e uma resistência extraordinária a muitos antifúngicos, dificultando a erradicação </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">do processo infeccioso. Neste contexto e com base na literatura atual, a presente revisão compila informações sobre os principais </span><span style="line-height: 15px;">fatores de virulência de Candida albicans.</span></p>