Introduction:The situation of tuberculosis (TB) is being modified by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is increasing the occurrence of new cases and the generation of drug resistant strains, affecting not only the people infected with HIV, but also their close contacts and the general population, conforming a serious public health concern. However, the magnitudes of the factors associated to this co-infection differ considerably in relation to the population groups and geographical areas. Methods: In order to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for the co-infection of tuberculosis (TB) in a population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV + ) in the Southeast of Mexico, we made the analysis of clinical and epidemiological variables and the diagnosis of tuberculosis by isolation of mycobacteria from respiratory samples. Results: From the 147 HIV + individuals analyzed, 12 were culture positive; this shows a prevalence of 8% for the co-infection. The only variable found with statistical significance for the co-infection was the number of CD4-T < 200 cells/mm 3 , OR 13 (95%, CI 2-106 vs 12-109). Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first report describing the factors associated with tuberculosis co-infection with HIV in a population from Southern Mexico. The low number of CD4 T-cells was the only variable associated with the TB coinfection and the rest of the variables provide scenarios that require specific and particular interventions for this population group.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES RESUMENLas residencias médicas garantizan la formación y preparación de los futuros especialistas, no solo académica, sino también humana. Sin embargo, existe evidencia de maltrato, discriminación y abusos en los residentes médicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar experiencias de violencia física, psicológica o sexual de los residentes médicos del estado de Veracruz, México. Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo, mediante una metodología cuantitativa, de una población conformada por 656 médicos residentes de 16 unidades receptoras durante el año 2014. El 87 % reportó por lo menos una experiencia de agresión en su tiempo de formación como especialistas y hasta el 50.46 % refirió violencia psicológica. Sus principales agresores fueron jefes de servicio (33.5 %) y compañeros residentes (33.5 %), viéndose más afectados en el turno matutino (34.76 %). De la población total, 51.52 % son hombres y 48.48 % mujeres. En relación al análisis bivariado se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: correlación entre sexo y violencia psicológica: X 2 = 9.740 6, P = 0.004; violencia físi-ca: X 2 = 4.876 4, P = 0.003; y violencia sexual: X 2 = 4.868 4, P = 0.001. Los varones presentaron tasas de agresión más altas en el grupo de médi-cos residentes sometidos a mayor nivel de violencia psicológica, física y sexual. Con este estudio se enfatiza la importancia de forjar valores institucionales en la práctica médica, como el respeto y la dignidad, entre los médicos residentes, superiores y/o profesionales que intervienen en la formación y perfeccionamiento de sus especialidades.PALABRAS CLAVE: residencias médicas, estrés, violencia física, psicológica y sexual. ABSTRACTThe Medical residencies guarantee the academic and human apprenticeship and training of the future medical specialists. Nevertheless, there is evidence of maltreatment, discrimination and abuse against the medical residents. The purpose of this work was to identify experiences of physical, psychological or sexual violence of medical residents in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. A cross-sectional quantitative analysis was carried out focusing on a population of 656 residents from 16 receiving medical centers during 2014. Results indicate that 87% reported at least one experience of physical violence during their medical internship as specialists. Additionally, and up to 50.46% it reported psychological violence. The main aggressors were reported to be chiefs of service (33.5 %) and resident partners (33.5 %) and participants were more affected during the morning shift (34.76 %). 51.52 % of the participating population are males and 48.48 % are females. As regards The bivariate analysis revealed the following results: correlation between gender and psychological violence: X 2 = 9.740 6, P = 0.004; physical violence: X 2 = 4.876 4, P = 0.003; and sexual violence: X 2 = 4.868 4, P = 0.001. Males reported higher aggression rates in their medical internships since they were subject to higher levels of psychological, physical and sexual violen...

Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health problem. In Mexico, there have been no recent studies conducted on survival in terms of this pathology or on the influence of prognostic factors. The study aims to determine the probability of survival in patients with CRC presence of low levels of schooling and a rural population, adjusted for clinical stage and type of treatment.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a cohort of 305 patients with CRC treated at State Cancer Center, located in Veracruz-Mexico; the follow-up period of 60 months (2012–2016). The survival probability was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the log-rank test with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Prognostic factors were determined using hazard ratio (HR) multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results: Overall survival was 40% at 60 months. Subjects in the age group ≥ 65 years had a low survival rate of 28% (<i>P</i>= 0.026) and an advanced clinical stage of 22% (<i>P</i>< 0.001). Of the patients with bone metastasis, none survived longer than 5 years (<i>P</i>= 0.008). With respect to the unfavorable prognostic factors identified in the multivariate analysis, a decreased level of schooling was associated with an HR of 7.6 (95% CI, 1.1–54.7), advanced clinical stage was associated with an HR of 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2–4.0), and the presence of metastasis had an HR of 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1–2.9).Conclusions: Poor prognostic factors include an advanced clinical stage, the presence of metastasis and a low level of schooling. These findings confirm the importance of screening for early diagnosis, diminishing the barriers to accessing treatment and prospectively monitoring the population.