No abstract

Clinical electrochemistry has historically been limited to the detection of blood gases, physiological pH, and alkali metal cations using ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs). In recent years, current flow techniques have been introduced allowing for the detection and quantification of a variety of proteins and metabolites. Key to this type of analysis is the development of an electrode interface which is both catalytic and selective for the analyte of interest. To this end, a wide variety of chemically modified electrode (CME) interfaces have been developed. Such interfaces are often based on the interaction of a redox enzyme with the analyte of interest. In addition, interfaces composed of immunospecific elements or size specific elements have been examined as selective electrode surfaces.