Water is an essential natural resource for human life. It is the engine for economic, social, and cultural development. While its availability is influenced by population increase and climate change, its sustainable management is mainly a function of behavioural and technological factors. This paper assesses sustainable indoor water management in Mkwawa University College of Education, Tanzania. It involved a cross-sectional research approach, where the data were collected using questionnaires, field observations, and documentary review methods. Results revealed a sort of unsustainable indoor water management emanating mainly from behavioural and technological factors. Behavioural factors include the use of the bucket for bathing instead of showers (80%) , spending more than 15 minutes in bathing using showers (43%) , and reluctance to report water leakages to responsible authorities (16%) . Technological factors included the lack of water-efficient appliances such as low flow showerheads, toilets, and faucets. It was also found that out of the 769 water appliances observed in the toilets, bathrooms, and laundries, 21% were not working, and 20% were leaking; leading to the use of unsustainable gadgets for the former, and water loss for the latter. Water outage was the main challenge facing students in the College. While behavioural change is recommended to students to minimise water use, the College should install water-efficient appliances and increase water storage facilities for sustainable indoor water management.

This study explored the characteristics, drivers, and control strategies of informal settlements on MkimbiziHill in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania. The study employed a mixed research design whereby heads ofhouseholds were randomly selected while key informants were purposively sampled. Data were collectedthrough a questionnaire survey with heads of households, in-depth interviews with key informants, and fieldobservations. Quantitative data were analysed by statistical product and service solution software.Qualitative data were organised into themes and involved content analysis. It was established that the studyarea is occupied by individuals of different social and economic characteristics with informal land tenure,limited access to social services, and are exposed to the risk of the collapse of buildings and rockfalls. Thestudy also found that informal settlements in the study area were caused by the lack of education on urbansettlements, proximity to essential social services, cheap plots, and poor settlement planning. Nonetheless, thestudy showed that the strategies used to control informal settlements in the study area included intermittentpatrol, awareness creation on sustainable urban development, and settlements for economically weakindividuals. The study recommends proper land use planning for sustainable urban development by theauthorities.