Large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage needs a dedicated infrastructure. Planning and designing of this infrastructure require incorporation of both temporal and spatial aspects. In this study, a toolbox has been developed that integrates ArcGIS, a geographical information system with spatial and routing functions, and MARKAL, an energy bottom-up model based on linear optimization. Application of this toolbox led to blueprints of a CO 2 infrastructure in the Netherlands. The results show that in a scenario with 20% and 50% CO 2 emissions reduction targets compared to their 1990 level in respectively 2020 and 2050, an infrastructure of around 600 km of CO 2 trunklines may need to be built before 2020. Investment costs for the pipeline construction and the storage site development amount to around 720 mV and 340 mV, respectively. The results also show the implication of policy choices such as allowing or prohibiting CO 2 storage onshore on CO 2 Capture and Storage (CCS) and infrastructure development. This paper illustrates how the ArcGIS/MARKAL-based toolbox can provide insights into a CCS infrastructure development, and support policy makers by giving concrete blueprints over time with respect to scale, pipeline trajectories, and deployment of individual storage sites.

No abstract