Introduction In 2007, the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services (CBCHS) initiated an assisted partner notification services (aPNS) public health programme to increase HIV case identification and reduce HIV incidence in the most affected regions of Cameroon. We describe large‐scale implementation of aPNS and overall programmatic achievements in a resource‐limited setting through 2015. Methods CBCHS trained health advisors (HAs) from 16 CBCHS facilities and 22 non‐CBCHS facilities to integrate aPNS into their existing jobs in five of the ten Cameroon regions. HAs recorded basic demographic, clinical and risk factor information from consenting index persons (IPs) and similar information about their sexual partners’/contact persons (CPs) on interview records and aPNS registers. These data were entered into an Epi‐Info database. HAs provided pre‐test counselling to CPs and offered them HIV testing in their home or other location. HAs educated IPs and CPs on HIV prevention and risk reduction, and referred IPs and HIV positive CPs to HIV care and treatment centres. Starting in 2014, HAs re‐interviewed IPs 30 days after their initial aPNS interview to ascertain instances of social harms following partner notification. Continuous predictor and outcome variables were summarized using median and interquartile range, while categorical variables were summarized using percentages from 2007 to 2015. Results A total of 18,730 IPs (71% women) received aPNS over nine years. IPs identified 21,057 CPs (67% men) (mean CP/IP 1.12), of whom 12,867 (61.1%) were notified of their exposure to HIV. A total of 9202 (71.5% of notified CPs) tested for HIV, 4764 (51.8%) of whom tested HIV positive (number of IPs needed to interview = 3.9); 3112 (65.3%) HIV‐positive partners were referred to HIV care and treatment centres. Of the 976 IPs receiving aPNS in 2014 to 2015, for whom follow‐up data were available, 11 (1.1%) reported physical intimate partner violence from CPs. Thus, 44.3% of 1224 CPs were notified through provider referral. Of the 784 CPs who tested for HIV, 157 were newly diagnosed and the overall HIV prevalence was 41.6% (326/784). Conclusions aPNS is feasible, can be brought to scale, yields a high level of case identification, and is infrequently associated with social harms and intimate partner violence.

Introduction Healthcare worker training is essential to successful implementation of assisted partner services (aPS), which aims to improve HIV testing and linkage‐to‐care outcomes for previously unidentified HIV‐positive individuals. Cameroon, Kenya and Mozambique are three African countries that have implemented aPS programmes and are working to bring those programmes to scale. In this paper, we present and compare different aPS training strategies implemented by these three countries, and discuss facilitators and barriers associated with implementation of aPS training in sub‐Saharan Africa. Discussion aPS training programmes in Cameroon, Kenya and Mozambique share the following components: the development of comprehensive and interactive training curricula, recruitment of qualified trainees and trainers with intimate knowledge of the community served, continuous training, and rigorous monitoring and evaluation activities. Cameroon and Kenya were able to engage various stakeholders early on, establishing multilateral coalitions that facilitated attainment of long‐term buy‐in from the local governments. Ministries of Health and various implementing partners are often included in strategic planning and delivery of training curricula to ensure sustainability of the training programmes. Kenya and Mozambique have integrated aPS training into the national HTS guidelines, which are being rolled out nationwide by the Ministries of Health and implementing partners. Continual revision of training curricula to reflect the country context, as well as ongoing monitoring and evaluation, have also been identified as key facilitators to sustain aPS training programmes. Some of the barriers to scale‐up and sustainability of aPS training include limited funding and resources for training and scale‐up and shortage of aPS providers to facilitate on‐the‐job mentorship. Conclusions These three programmes demonstrate that aPS training can be implemented and scaled up in sub‐Saharan Africa. As countries plan for initial implementation or national scale‐up of aPS services, they will need to establish government buy‐in, expand funding sources, address the shortage of staff and resources to provide aPS and on‐the‐job mentorship, and continuously collect data to evaluate and improve aPS training plans. Development of national standards for aPS training, empowered healthcare providers, increased government commitment, and sustained funding for aPS services and training will be crucial for successful aPS implementation.

Background: Retention in care and transition to adulthood are critical for children and adolescents living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in HIV treatment programs. This study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) in the context of ongoing crisis caused by an armed conflict in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon, where staff in HIV treatment programs may face unique challenges of retention of children/adolescents. Methods: We employed a multi-stage mixed method design in which we conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine incidence and risk factors for LTFU through data abstraction from medical records of children and adolescents from five (5) ART treatment centers, followed by seventeen (17) key informant interviews conducted with healthcare workers to gain further insights into the reasons for LTFU among children and adolescents enrolled between January 2018 to December 2021. Kaplan–Meier plots were used to determine the probability of LTFU as a function of time.Cox regression model was used to measure predictors of LTFU.Endpoint recorded interviews were transcribed, translated, and then analyzed using Atlas-ti Version 9.Results: A total of 1,030 children and adolescents (p-y) were enrolled for follow-up,138 (13.4%) were LTFU with an overall incidence rate of 33.0 LTFU per 1000 person years. Receiving care in a rural health facility, lower age category, non-biological caregivers, short duration on ART, and long distances to health facility were significant predictors of LTFU. Multiple Caregivers (94.1%), long distances/cost of transportation (88.2%), socio-political crises (75.5%), peer pressure, refusal, dating and marriage among adolescents(70.5%), stigma(64.7%), competitive life activities (58.8%), lack of timely disclosure (53%), poverty/lack of partner/family support (48.2%), lack of understanding on the disease process(47.0%), alternative forms of health care(29.4%) and shortage of ARVs (13.8%) were reasons for poor retention from the interviews.Conclusions: The overall incidence rate of LTFU was 33.0 per 1000 persons years for children and adolescents initiated on lifelong ART over a period of four (4) years in the conflict-affected areas. The study portrays the need of innovative multifaceted strategies to mitigate the predictors of this high risk LTFU in displaced populations in the context of a sociopolitical crisis.

Background: Mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV constitutes a major source of new pediatric infections in Cameroon. Objective: The aim of this implementation research was to assess outcomes and effectiveness of providing lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women (Option B+). Methods: From October 2013 to July 2014, HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women, not on antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis and ART, were recruited from 22 purposefully selected health facilities in the Northwest and Southwest regions for a prospective, observational cohort evaluation. Option B+ was offered to participants and outcome indicators were measured. Results: Out of 680 women eligible for this assessment, 669 (98%) were initiated on Option B+. Retention-in-care was 90% (95% CI, 87.85-92.61) and 79% (95% CI, 75.20-81.88), and loss to follow up (LTFU) was 7% (95% CI: 4.95-8.90) and 15% (95% CI: 12.06-17.56) at 6 and 12 months respectively. Maternal mortality at 12 months after ART initiation was 2% (13). As of March 2015, 538 HIV exposed infants

To attain the HIV 95-95-95 goals by 2030 in Cameroon, high quality research to inform policy and patient care is of utmost importance. In the context of limited workforce and resources, collaborations, sharing of locally-adapted strategies and other field experience, leveraging on existing and innovative platforms would facilitate a coordinated and optimal AIDS response at country level. The second edition of the Cameroon HIV Research Forum (CAM-HERO) conference took place both physically and virtually on November 18 and 19, 2021 in Kribi, on the theme “Research for Policy and Care”. This scientific event brought together Cameroonian HIV/AIDS researchers, experienced clinicians and regulatory authorities to foster i) the dissemination of research findings and facilitate translation into policy, ii) operational research collaboration, iii) identification of new research areas, and iv) capacity building. To achieve the set objectives during this event, a consensus on research priorities for accelerating the achievement of three 95 HIV goals in Cameroon were summarized; meeting sessions included 31 abstract presentations, 13 discussions, and presentations on various aspects of HIV research including ethics, administrative procedures and needs for capacity building; training of young scientists on guidelines for research proposal development toward ethical clearance was done; and a platform for discussion between researchers and regulatory authorities was conducted around the design and setting-up of a national HIV/AIDS research agenda. CAM-HERO 2021 brought together HIV researchers, experts and junior scientists around major programmatic challenges, evidence to translate into practice, research priorities on HIV/AIDS. Collaborations were reinforced, capacities were strengthened, and footprints were established towards a consensus on a national HIV/AIDS research agenda.